Direct Observation of Fe-Ge Ordering in Fe5−xGeTe2 Crystals and Resultant Helimagnetism

Microscopic structures and magnetic properties are investigated for Fe_5−xGeTe₂ single crystal, recently discovered as a promising van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet. An Fe atom (Fe(1)) located in the outermost Fe₅Ge sublayer has two possible split-sites which are either above or below the Ge atom. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows √3 × √3 superstructures which are attributed to the ordering of Fe(1) layer. The √3 × √3 superstructures have two different phases due to the symmetry of Fe(1) ordering. Intriguingly, the observed √3 × √3 ordering breaks the inversion symmetry of crystal, resulting in substantial antisymmetric exchange interaction. The temperature dependence of magnetization reveals a sharp magnetic anomaly suggesting helical magnetism of the Fe_5−xGeTe₂ due to its non-centrosymmetricity. Analytical study also supports that the observed ordering can give rise to the helimagnetism. The work will provide essential information to understand the complex magnetic properties and the origin of the new vdW ferromagnet, Fe_5−xGeTe₂ for future topology-based spin devices.     

Visibly Clear Radiative Cooling Metamaterials for Enhanced Thermal Management in Solar Cells and Windows

The study of transparent daytime radiative cooling with no additional energy consumption is a promising area of research. Its applications include solar cells and building and automobile windows that are prone to heating issues. Ubiquitous applications necessitate the development of metamaterials with high mechanical flexibility in a scalable manner while overcoming translucence. In this study, visibly clear and flexible radiative cooling metamaterials have been developed using a newly designed optical modulator filled into randomly distributed silica aerogel microparticles in a silicone elastomer. The optical modulator effectively suppresses visible light scattering, thus enabling higher loading of silica aerogel microparticles while securing visible clarity. The significant suppression of the rise in temperature by the metamaterial is verified using both indoor and outdoor experiments. The visibly clear metamaterials deployed in solar cells and windows can effectively suppress the rise in temperature under solar irradiation, thereby mitigating the performance degradation of solar cells by heating issues and suppressing the rise in temperature of indoor air.     

Satisfied or not: user experience of mobile augmented reality in using natural language processing techniques on review comments

Virtual Reality - With the rapid developments and improvements in mobile technologies, mobile devices have become one of the primary interfaces of augmented reality technologies. In this study, we...     

A New Functional Iterative Algorithm for the Regularized Long-Wave Equation Using an Integral Equation Formalism

A fundamental question in computational nonlinear partial differential equations is raised to discover if one could construct a functional iterative algorithm for the regularized long-wave (RLW) equation (or the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation) based on an integral equation formalism? Here, the RLW equation is a third-order nonlinear partial differential equation, describing physically nonlinear dispersive waves in shallow water. For the question, the concept of pseudo-parameter, suggested by Jang (Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 43:118–138, 2017), is introduced and incorporated into the RLW equation. Thereby, dual nonlinear integral equations of second kind involving the parameter are formulated. The application of the fixed point theorem to the integral equations results in a new (semi-analytic and derivative-free) functional iteration algorithm (as required). The new algorithm allows the exploration of new regimes of pseudo-parameters, so that it can be valid for a much wider range (in the complex plane) of pseudo-parameter values than that of Jang (2017). Being fairly simple (or straightforward), the iteration algorithm is found to be not only stable but accurate. Specifically, a numerical experiment on a solitary wave is performed on the convergence and accuracy of the iteration for various complex values of the pseudo-parameters, further providing the regions of convergence subject to some constraints in the complex plane. Moreover, the algorithm yields a particularly relevant physical investigation of the nonlinear behavior near the front of a slowly varying wave train, in which, indeed, interesting nonlinear wave features are demonstrated. As a consequence, the preceding question may be answered.     

A case of gabapentin‐induced rhabdomyolysis requiring renal replacement therapy

Gabapentin is commonly used for controlling convulsions, restless pain syndrome, and pain in diabetic neuropathy. Common side effects include dizziness, somnolence, ataxia, peripheral edema, and confusion; gabapentin‐induced rhabdomyolysis is rarely reported. To date, the reported cases of gabapentin‐induced rhabdomyolysis have been associated with patients with multiple underlying diseases and assuming multiple medicines for various reasons. In this report, we describe a case of gabapentin‐induced rhabdomyolysis in a 32‐year‐old woman with no medical history. We also review related literature and discuss the possible mechanism and the association with other factors. This case shows that gabapentin can induce rhabdomyolysis in healthy patients and that clinicians must consider the possible association between gabapentin and rhabdomyolysis.     

Adjoint design sensitivity analysis of constant temperature molecular dynamics

In this research, we proposed an efficient design sensitivity analysis (DSA) method for constant temperature molecular dynamics (MD). A Nose–Hoover thermostat is utilized to represent the possible state of a system that is in thermal equilibrium using a heat bath to maintain temperature constant. The design sensitivity of general performance measures is derived using an adjoint variable method. Since the adjoint system is path-dependent and derived in the form of a terminal value problem, the path of original MD analysis should be kept to be used with in the adjoint sensitivity computation. The time reversibility of the MD system with Nose–Hoover thermostat is investigated. The accuracy and efficiency of the developed adjoint DSA method are verified through demonstrative numerical examples.