超声波辅助强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

用强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,以水杨酸和乙酸酐为反应原料,通过超声波辐射加热快速合成了乙酰水杨酸。最佳合成条件为:原料摩尔比乙酸酐∶水杨酸=3∶1,超声频率59 Hz,辐射时间25 min,反应温度70~75℃,催化剂用量0.5 g,产率达到92%,催化剂重复5次后仍然达到很高的产率。该法反应时间短,操作简单,催化剂可重复利用,环境友好,节约能源。     

Cationic polymerization in rotating packed bed reactor: Experimental and modeling

On the basis of analysis of key engineering factors predominating in cationic polymerization, butyl rubber (IIR) as an example was synthesized by cationic polymerization in the high‐gravity environment generated by a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. The influence of the rotating speed, packing thickness, and polymerization temperature on the number average molecular weight (M_n) of IIR was studied. The optimum experimental conditions were determined as rotating speed of 1200 r min^?1, packing thickness of 40 mm and polymerization temperature of 173 K, where IIR with M_n of 289,000 and unimodal molecular weight distribution of 1.99 was obtained. According to the experimental results and elementary reactions, a model for the prediction of M_n was developed, and the validity of the model was confirmed by the fact that most of the predicted M_ns agreed well with the experimental data with a deviation within 10%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

水包水聚丙烯酰胺在压裂废水处理中的应用

研究了水包水阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺水处理剂在油田压裂废水中的应用。研究结果表明:水包水阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺与聚合氯化铝复配用于大庆油田压裂废水的处理工艺中,可使絮凝反应时间缩短到1min以内、处理后水的浊度可降低到6NTU、pH达到中性、COD从原水的4973mg/L下降为530mg/L,去除率88.2%;结合活性炭吸附及膜处理工艺,使处理后出水的COD达到61.3mg/L。     

水热合成三维花状薄水铝石及其形成机理

在水溶液体系中,利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为模板剂,水热合成了由纳米薄片自组装成的三维花状薄水铝石。采用XRD,SEM和TEM对其物相结构和形貌进行了分析,研究了反应温度和反应时间对产物形貌的影响。研究结果表明:在反应温度为160℃和反应时间为24h时,得到形貌规则统一、分散均匀的花状薄水铝石。该花状结构是由厚50nm的纳米薄片自组装而成,直径550～800nm,在其形成过程中,模板剂CTAB起到关键作用,并推断了纳米薄片自组装花状结构的形成机理。     

反应型阳离子高分子乳化剂合成及其对AKD/松香乳化性能的研究

以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为助溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)作为引发剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、丙烯酸十八酯(ODA)、苯乙烯(St)作为单体,通过无皂乳液聚合合成了阳离子高分子乳化剂(共聚物乳液),并制备了阳离子AKD/松香胶(施胶剂乳液)。考察了反应温度对单体转化率的影响及用不同w(AM)、w(DMC)、w(St)合成的共聚物乳液制备的施胶剂乳液离心稳定性能。结果表明:在共聚物乳液合成过程中,m(AM):m(DMC):m(St):m(ODA)=35:15:25:25时用其制备的施胶剂乳液具有较好的稳定性能;反应温度为70℃时单体转化率高,为95%。用最大气泡法测共聚物乳液的表面张力,得其临界胶束浓度为0.42×10-7mol/L。最后采用FT-IR对共聚物乳液进行了表征,纸张抄片结果表明施胶剂具有较好的防水性能。     

Practical cell labeling with magnetite cationic liposomes for cell manipulation

Personalization of the cell culture process for cell therapy is an ideal strategy to obtain maximum treatment effects. In a previous report, we proposed a strategy using a magnetic manipulation device that combined a palm-top size device and a cell-labeling method using magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) to enable feasible personalized cell processing. In the present study, we focused on optimizing the MCL-labeling technique with respect to cell manipulation in small devices. From detailed analysis with different cell types, 4 pg/cell of MCL-label was found to be obtained immediately after mixing with MCLs, which was sufficient for magnetic cell manipulation. The amount of label increased within 24 h depending on cell type, although in all cases it decreased along with cell doubling, indicating that the labeling potential of MCLs was limited. The role of free MCLs not involved in labeling was also investigated; MCLs' role was found to be a supportive one that maximized the manipulation performance up to 100%. We also determined optimum conditions to manipulate adherent cells by MCL labeling using the MCL dispersed in trypsin solution. Considering labeling feasibility and practical performance with 10³–10⁵ cells for personalized cell processing, we determined that 10 μg/ml of label without incubation time (0 h incubation) was the universal MCL-labeling condition. We propose the optimum specifications for a device to be combined with this method.     

丝绸茶叶生态染色技术及保健功能研究

对丝绸的茶叶生态染色技术进行了深入研究和探讨,制定出茶叶染丝绸织物的最佳工艺条件,但其上染率和固色率低、色牢度差。因此,利用不同媒染剂和促染剂,再对丝绸进行茶叶染色,发现其上染率、固色率和色牢度提高,但多媒染剂会污染环境。所以,利用STC-6阳离子化剂,对丝绸进行阳离子化改性后再用茶叶染色,同时采用无醛固色剂WQG-2进行固色处理,发现其上染率、固色率和各项色牢度均有明显提高,达到国家标准,且丝绸织物用STC-6阳离子化剂改性后再用红茶进行染色,其抗菌性可达到99.98%,具有明显的保健功能。     

棉织物的栀子黄植物染料染色

先对纯棉织物进行色媒体阳离子化改性处理,再采用植物染料栀子黄后媒染染色。分析了烧毛、煮漂、阳离子改性、染色、拉幅、预缩等染整工序对染色质量的影响,给出了合适的工艺参数,以提高织物得色量,保证染色重现性。染色织物上染率高、色泽明亮、匀染性好,且手感柔软。     

连续式密实移动床逆流操作下轴向解吸K+特性

以吸附K+的001′7强酸型阳离子树脂为固体介质,NaCl溶液为解吸剂,在一套密实移动床装置上,采用连续式液固逆流接触解吸方式,在不同操作条件下考察离子交换柱对K+的轴向解吸特性,并与固定床解吸操作模式进行对比. 结果表明,在移动床操作模式下,离子交换柱内单位树脂累积解吸率沿轴向由上至下逐渐升高,在离子交换柱下部1/5区域内增加较快,部分条件下全柱树脂累积解吸率可达90%以上;解吸剂初始浓度在一定范围内增加时,轴向各区域单位树脂累积解吸率增大,但当解吸剂初始浓度增大到一定值后,离子交换柱轴向不同区域会出现解吸与反吸附交替主导的现象;随离子交换柱内解吸液表观流速增大、树脂移动速度和原始吸附量降低,其轴向各区域的单位树脂累积解吸率增加. 在解吸液单程流过离子交换柱的时间内,采用连续式密实移动床的全柱累积解吸率和K+解吸总量比固定床吸附模式高.     

氢氧化镁铝及其微粒助留系统

介绍了近年来微粒助留体系的研究进展,尤其是无机阳离子微粒助留体系,着重论述了阳离子氢氧化镁铝与阴离子聚合物的协同助留作用及其发展。