福州民航售票处结构设计

本文系福州民航售票处及旅客过夜用房的设计工作总结。     

折环劲度系数与磁场力因子的匹配

失真是扬声器的一个重要性能指标,引起扬声器失真的主要因素是折环与磁路系统的非线性。将折环和磁路系统当作一个整体来研究。介绍了折环的劲度系数如何与磁场力因子配合,以达到降低失真的效果。     

颗粒驱动软体驱动器设计及FEM-DEM运动分析

颗粒物质具有流动传压和阻塞刚化的双相特性,是变刚度软体机器人的理想驱动介质.由于颗粒物质复杂的力学特性,颗粒驱动软体机器人运动预测极具挑战性.综合考虑颗粒物质的离散性和超弹软体型腔的连续性,本文提出了一种基于FEM-DEM耦合计算的软体驱动器运动分析方法.为降低颗粒充入软体型腔时的局部径向膨胀,设计了具有径向增强约束的弯曲驱动器软体型腔结构.利用FEM-DEM耦合计算方法对此驱动器的运动变形规律进行了分析,同时采用基于颗粒物质Mohr-Coulomb连续介质模型的FEM开展了对比计算.利用3D打印和硅胶浇注技术制造驱动器样机,测试了软体驱动器的运动特性及变刚度能力.研究结果表明:与基于Mohr-Coulomb模型的FEM相比,利用FEM-DEM耦合计算方法,可使驱动器弯曲角度的预测精度提高约14.3%;使用较小直径的颗粒介质可以提高机器人的变形能力;与前期研究中的原始方案相比,本文提出的径向增强约束驱动器在不削弱刚度调节能力的前提下,最大弯曲角度从48.9°提升至了72.7°.     

Loss behavior of viscoelastic sandwich structures: A statistical-continuum multi-scale approach

This work presents a multi-scale model of viscoelastic constrained layer damping treatments for vibrating plates/beams. The approach integrates a finite element (FE) model of macro-scale vibrations and a statistical-continuum homogenization model to include effects of micro-scale structure and properties. The statistical-continuum homogenization model makes the micro- to macro-scale transition to approximate the effective behavior of the heterogeneous core by using n-point probability functions. A simple sound transmission model is used to show the effect of material microstructure on the sound transmission loss of the sandwich structure. The damping behavior resulting from the presence of voids and negative stiffness regions in the core material is modeled. This study clearly shows that, it is of high interest to research either material structures or processing techniques which lead to negative stiffness behavior. The results also poignantly show that the proposed multi-scale model yields insight on heterogeneous material behavior leading to increased damping properties and ultimately enhances the ability to design sandwich beam/plates.     

A two-step optimization scheme for maximum stiffness design of laminated plates based on lamination parameters

The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective solution scheme of simultaneous optimization design of layup configuration and fiber distribution for maximum stiffness design of laminated plates. Firstly, a numerical analysis of the lamination parameters feasible region for a laminated plate consisting of various given number of ply groups (each ply group may have different thickness and all the fibers in one ply group are orientated in an identical direction) is carried out, and it is found that the feasible region based on only a few ply groups is very close to the overall one determined by infinite plies. Therefore, it is suggested that the feasible region of lamination parameters of a laminated plate could be approximately determined by the layup configuration of least ply groups. Secondly, a two-step simultaneous optimization scheme of layup configuration and fiber distribution for maximum stiffness design of laminated plates is proposed. Accordingly, by using ply thickness, fiber orientation angle and fiber volume fraction in a laminated plate of least ply groups as design variables, the optimal lamination parameters for maximum stiffness is obtained. Then, taking the optimal lamination parameters as the design objective, a detailed layup design optimization is implemented by considering some limitations on manufacturing, such as preset ply thickness, and specific fiber orientation angle and a limited maximum number of consecutive plies in the same fiber orientation. Numerical examples are also presented to validate the proposed two-step optimization scheme.     

橡胶隔振器加速疲劳试验谱的编制方法研究

通过大量的橡胶动静刚度试验和疲劳试验,分别获取了某填充型天然橡胶材料在各试验条件下的动静比数据表和疲劳寿命数据表。以发动机悬置为例,在充分考虑橡胶材料动态特性的基础上,建立了道路载荷值与应变值的转换关系。对采集的道路载荷谱进行雨流计数,根据Miner线性损伤累积理论与损伤等效原则,编制得到最终的加速疲劳试验谱。用该加速疲劳试验谱对发动机悬置进行疲劳试验,试验结果表明：用该方法编制的加速疲劳试验谱可成功应用于悬置等橡胶隔振器零件的疲劳试验,并且较大程度地缩短了试验与产品开发周期。     

基于非线性静、动力方法的RC简支梁桥连梁装置参数优化研究

连梁拉杆装置是防止强震下RC梁式桥纵向落梁的有效措施,需要对其合理刚度取值进行研究。以典型的铁路RC简支梁桥为对象,采用基于FEMA440性能点轨迹法的能力谱分析方法,以现行《铁路工程抗震设计规范》设计谱及汶川地震动为需求,讨论了不同的场地类型和设防烈度下连梁拉杆的最优刚度分布。研究表明,场地类型对连梁装置刚度取值无显著影响,在8度罕遇烈度设防的四种场地下,连梁装置的刚度均可在0.05~0.15倍的梁体线刚度范围内取值,可有效抑制墩、梁相对位移及桥梁整体地震响应。设防烈度对刚度取值有显著影响,当PGA不超过0.2g时,可不予设置;当PGA为0.4g和0.6g时,连梁拉杆的合理刚度可分别取为0.1倍和0.2倍的梁体线刚度。采用非线性动力时程方法验证了上述结论的合理可靠性,可供桥梁抗震设计及规范修编参考     

2.5维C/SiC复合材料经向拉伸性能

将微观尺度的强度预测模型与单胞尺度有限元模型相结合, 建立了2.5维C/SiC复合材料的双尺度强度预测模型。该模型首先计算微观尺度的应力-应变曲线以及最终失效时的力学性能, 然后将其带入单胞模型, 对不同边界条件下单胞模型的弹性模量进行折减, 统计单胞模型的平均应力与应变, 最后得到单胞尺度的应力-应变关系和最终失效时的力学性能。通过2.5维C/SiC复合材料常温和高温条件下的经向单轴拉伸试验, 得到了2.5维C/SiC复合材料经向拉伸过程的应力-应变曲线以及最终失效时的力学性能。结果表明, 理论分析结果与实验值基本一致, 验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于缝隙特征的蜂窝夹层结构刚度损失评估及应用

高精度蜂窝夹层结构反射面板由经过开缝应力释放工艺处理的表层铝板和铝蜂窝芯胶接而成, 为了研究缝隙所引起的夹层结构刚度损失, 基于对实验数据的统计分析, 考虑缝隙面积和分布等对刚度的影响, 定义了缝隙对刚度的影响系数与刚度的损失系数并建立了二者之间的关系, 提出了基于缝隙特征的蜂窝夹层结构刚度损失的评估方法。实验分析结果表明, 缝隙对夹层结构刚度造成的损失达到一定程度后明显减缓, 刚度最大损失可限定在40%。针对表板带有缝隙的夹层结构的数值分析, 依据夹层结构刚度等效原则, 利用刚度损失与缝隙影响系数之间的关系, 可将带有缝隙的表板等效为厚度减薄的连续表板, 对于模拟带有缝隙的夹层结构具有一定的应用价值。     

考虑插入式墙板抗侧作用轻型活动房有限元分析

针对目前广泛使用的插入式墙板轻型活动房,采用ANSYS软件对一典型活动房进行整体三维有限元分析。特别地,在对插入式墙板与框架的协同工作原理进行探讨和分析的基础上,提出一种分步叠加法实现了在考虑插入式墙板抗侧作用问题上的合理性和可行性,意在进一步保证这类结构在经济情况下的安全性和可靠性。结果表明:插入墙板后活动房的整体受力变形性能将获得极大改善,但插入式墙板安装缝隙的大小对结构的受力有较大影响,因此在采用更经济的构件截面的同时必须确保活动房的安装质量,以保证墙板发挥预期的抗侧作用。