Cadmium in agricultural soils,vegetables and rice and potential health risk in vicinity of Dabaoshan Mine in Shaoguan,China

Soil cadmium （Cd） contamination resulted from mining and smelting is a major environmental concern,and health risk associated with Cd exposure to multi-media through muti-pathway is increasing.Cd concentrations in soils,vegetables and paddy rice were investigated,and potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks exposure to Cd were estimated at six villages around the Dabaoshan Mine,South China.A total of 87 soil samples were found to exceed the China＇s maximum permission level （MPL） for Cd,while the highest value of 4.42 mg/kg was found near irrigation ditch associated with Hengshi River in Xinyi （XY） Village.Cd contents in vegetables and rice exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by more than five times in every village.Cadmium accumulation in plants is in the order of celery 〉 lactuca sativa L 〉 Chinese cabbage 〉 Romaine lettuce 〉 asparagus lettuce 〉 mustard 〉 cabbage mustard 〉 cabbage.The mean hazard quotient （HQ） of all villages is in the range of [5.29,25.75],and the mean values of cancer risk for investigated areas are more than 10 times greater than the USEPA （2009） threshold limit value of 10-4.Moreover,human non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks are mainly attributable to paddy rice intake,followed by vegetables intake,soil ingestion,inhalation,and dermal contact.The results indicate that Cd has a huge potential risk on human health for the local residents.     

Risk reduction in Sechahun iron ore deposit by geological boundary modification using multiple indicator Kriging

Uncertainty on the geological contacts and the block volumes of the models along boundaries is often a major part of the global uncertainty of reserve estimation.This work introduces a geostatistical technique that has been developed and tested in an iron ore deposit at Bafq mining district,in central Iran,and that,based on a probability criterion,helps to objectively model the geometry of this iron ore deposit.The main problem in reserve estimation of this ore body is its geometrical modeling and uncertainty in geological boundaries.This work deals with the geostatistical method of multiple indicator kriging,which is used to determine the real boundaries of ore body in different categories.This approach has potential to improve project performance and decrease operational risk.For this purpose,the ore body is separated into two categories including rich iron zone （w（Fe）〉45%） and poor iron zone （20%〈w（Fe）〈45%）.It significantly benefits to decrease the risk of reserve evaluation in the deposit.This case study also highlights the value of multiple indicator kriging as a tool for estimates the position of grade boundaries within the deposit.Comparison of the resultant probability maps with the real ore/waste contacts on the extracted levels shows that the first indicator model could separate the whole ore body （poor plus rich） from the waste zone by probability of more than 0.35,which concludes the total reserve of 53 million tons.The second indicator model applied to separate the rich and poor domains and the results show that the blocks with the estimated probability of equal to or more than 0.4 lay within the rich ore zone consisting of 15.8 million tons reserve.     

风险度量与风险管理的新工具ES

采用资产组合损失变量描述风险,并基于损失分布的α-(上)分位数给出"期望巨额损失值"ES(expected shortfall)和"条件风险价值"CVaR(conditional value at risk)的定义。在一般损失分布下,通过直接计算说明了任一资产组合损失变量的"期望巨额损失值"ES的定义与α-(上)分位数的选取无关;而且也通过直接计算证明了ES与CVaR两者的等价关系;进而通过构造出ES的概率测度族表示证明了ES是一致性风险度量方法。此外,还就相关问题,例如分位数、一致性风险度量、尾部条件期望TCE等,给出了一些有价值的注记。     

基于遥感的赣江源地区地表生态环境评价

鉴于传统人工调查生态环境时人力、物力投入较大,且不利于宏观大范围的观测.文中利用选取赣江源地区的石城县为研究区,以Landsat卫星的TM影像为数据源,利用遥感技术提取关键的生态因子,并将植被覆盖度、土壤指数、坡度等信息进行归一化,建立生态环境评价模型.运用该模型对赣江源地区近20年的生态环境质量进行动态监测.结果表明:赣江源地区的总体自然生态环境良好,其东北部和东南部及西部的自然生态环境好于中部地区,生态环境整体不断改善.采用遥感方法进行赣江源生态环境综合评价是可行的.     

海外主要铜矿资源国家人文社会风险评价研究

为了更好地对海外铜矿资源进行开发利用,需要对其风险进行分析,而人文社会风险是复杂而重要的因素之一。文章对影响海外铜矿资源开发利用的人文社会风险进行识别和分析,主要有社会治安状况、文化差异风险、罢工风险、受教育水平和抵触情绪;然后构建评价指标体系,并利用德尔菲法确定了各指标权重;最后建立了物元模型对各个因素进行评价。结果表明:智利、澳大利亚、美国的人文社会风险较低,墨西哥、赞比亚、加拿大的人文社会风险一般,秘鲁的人文社会风险高,俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、哈萨克斯坦的人文社会风险较高。     

铝矿资源海外开发战略选区政治风险评价

传统的政治风险评价只考虑诸如政治、政策法律法规的风险,但海外开发铝矿资源的政治风险复杂、易变,除受政治影响外,还受该国经济和社会风险的影响。文章首先对铝矿资源海外开发战略选区政治风险因素进行识别;采用粗糙集理论对指标进行赋权,并利用粗糙集对指标进行约简,最后结合灰色关联评价法对战略选区的政治风险进行评价,得出战略选区政治风险大小的排序。结果表明:澳大利亚、美国、巴西等国的政治风险较低,印度、希腊等国的政治风险较高。     

新时期生态清洁流域建设的机遇和挑战

生态清洁流域建设是流域治理的新模式,是生态文明建设的重要组成部分.针对生态清洁流域的发展现状,分析了其发展机遇,并从规划设计、资金投入、部门协作和验收评估等方面探讨其面临的挑战,提出促进生态清洁流域健康发展的对策和建议.     

水文生态退化与西南水战略

针对我国主要江河上游西南地区频发洪涝地质灾害、干旱、水库湖泊污染等严重水生态安全问题的现状及该地区气候和土壤特点,分析红壤坡面被"简单化"的水文生态过程产生的原因,指出西南水文生态过程的退化影响到该地区及下游地区的生态安全,是西南"水战略"需要考虑的核心问题,同时提出了解决该地区目前水生态安全问题的对策.     

微润灌溉对脐橙生理生态参数的影响研究

为探明微润灌溉对脐橙生长过程中生理生态参数的影响,对微润灌溉、常规灌溉和雨养灌溉3种灌溉方式下的脐橙叶片最大光合速率(Amax)、叶片呼吸(Rd)、表观初始量子效率(α)、光补偿点(Lcp)、叶片的比叶面积(SLA)等生理生态参数进行了测定和对比分析.研究结果表明,在其他条件相似的情况下,采用微润灌溉的方式对脐橙叶片Amax、Rd、α、SLA的促进作用最为明显,常规灌溉次之,雨养灌溉下值最低.叶片的Lcp在微润灌溉方式下最低,常规灌溉和雨养灌溉下的该值依次递增.     

氰化废水对人体健康风险评价

氰化物是剧毒物质,长期接触会危害人体健康.为使氰化废水对人体健康风险定量化,通过非致癌健康风险评价的数学模式,利用Crystal Ball计算软件对氰化废水进行人体健康风险评价,模拟计算出人体健康终身风险均值为1.2×10-4,年风险均值为1.7×10-6,均超过了最大可接受水平.为保证人体健康风险值低于可接受水平,针对人体皮肤接触渗入和呼吸吸入两种方式,基于风险来源可加性为基础,得出皮肤渗入途径的浓度限值范围为10-5~10-6 mg/L,呼吸吸入途径的浓度限值为0.001~0.009 mg/m3.