基于偏振光检测的溶液浓度测量方法研究

为了克服旋转检偏片法测量旋光性溶液浓度存在的误差大、精度低等不足,提出了一种基于旋转波片的偏振光检测溶液浓度的测量方法。采用PIN光电二极管对带有溶液浓度信息的偏振光信号进行探测,经过光电变换后利用信号调理电路实现信号处理、采集等,并将数据通过串口传送到上位机,利用LabVIEW程序进行数据处理与显示。实验结果表明,基于旋转波片的偏振光检测溶液浓度的测量方法测量精度为0.6%。该测量方法能够减小测量误差、提高测量精度,并且用户界面友好、结果显示直观。     

化学氧化法制备导电聚苯胺

使用过硫酸铵作为氧化剂,在酸性条件下控制反应温度合成了聚苯胺,然后使用一定浓度的质子酸对合成的聚苯胺进行了掺杂,使之成为具有导电性能的掺杂态聚苯胺,烘干后四探针仪测量其导电性。实验表明导电聚苯胺的最佳合成反应条件为反应温度为0℃、盐酸浓度为2 mol/L、过硫酸铵与苯胺物质的量比例为1∶1,合成的聚苯胺导电率可达10 S/cm。     

粉煤灰负载钒氧化物低温SCR催化剂脱硝性能研究

目前,我国电厂普遍采用SCR法高含尘工艺对烟气中的NOx进行脱硝,催化剂存在严重堵塞、中毒等问题,SCR法低含尘工艺越来越引起重视。为了制备SCR法低含尘工艺中的低温SCR脱硝催化剂,本文将钒氧化物负载在粉煤灰和膨润土混合制成的复合材料载体上,制成V2O5/FA-BT催化剂,同时分别用全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪(Micromeritics Tristar 3 000)和扫描电子显微电镜(SEM)对催化剂的比表面积和表面形貌进行表征。结果表明:不同V2O5负载量的V2O5/FA-BT催化剂在低温下有很好的脱硝效果,其中以V2O5负载量(质量分数)为11%的V2O5/FA-BT脱硝效果最好,当反应温度为130℃时,脱硝率达到89%;对催化剂进行酸改,CH3COOH酸改的催化剂比表面积较大且脱硝效果最好。     

多支化两亲聚合物合成及其原油乳化作用研究

通过自由基胶束共聚法制备了N-苄基-N-n-十六烷基丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠三元共聚两亲聚合物-P(AM/BHAM/NaA),并优化了合成方案。该聚合物具有临界聚集浓度(CAC),当该两亲聚合物质量浓度高于700mg/L时,P(AM/BHAM/NaA)在水溶液中形成聚集体,并随着聚合物质量浓度的增加聚集体的流体力学半径增加,表观黏度也随之增加。P(AM/BHAM/NaA)具有良好的原油乳化能力,研究了不同质量浓度的两亲聚合物对原油乳化性能。结果表明,随着两亲聚合物质量浓度的升高,在水溶液中形成聚集体的体积增大,空间网络结构增大,乳化能力升高。     

N-Fe共掺杂BiVO_4的制备及其光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了N和Fe共掺杂的Bi VO4可见光光催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测试(BET)和紫外-可见漫反射谱(UV-Vis DRS)对其进行了表征.结果显示,N-Fe共掺杂对Bi VO4晶型没有产生影响,掺杂前后均为单斜晶系,但晶粒粒径有所减小,BET比表面积相对增大.由UV-Vis可知,N-Fe共掺杂的Bi VO4的吸光强度明显增强,禁带宽度变窄.以可见光降解甲基橙(MO)考察催化剂的光催化活性,N-Fe共掺杂的Bi VO4对MO的降解速率明显高于纯Bi VO4,证明N-Fe共掺杂产生的协同效应提高了Bi VO4在可见光照射下的光催化活性.     

高铁锰氨氮地下水锰极限质量浓度研究

为研究生物除铁除锰滤柱对高铁锰氨氮地下水中锰的极限质量浓度,采用培养成熟并稳定运行一段时间的滤柱,逐步提高其进水锰的质量浓度,考察锰的极限质量浓度．结果表明:在进水总铁、氨氮质量浓度分别为5～10、0.9～1.3 mg／L,水温为8 ℃,滤速为6 m／h的实验条件下,当进水溶解氧约8.5 mg／L时,锰的极限质量浓度为7.5 mg／L;溶解氧大于10 mg／L时,锰极限质量浓度为10.5 mg／L;锰质量浓度升高对铁和氨氮的去除没有影响．沿程分析发现：沿滤层向下,相同厚度滤料除锰量逐渐减少;锰质量浓度升高过程中,氨氮的沿程去除没有变化．锰的极限质量浓度受溶解氧限制,溶解氧越高,极限质量浓度越高．     

Influence of bubble diameter and solids concentration on bubble stability: Development of a novel analytical approach

The properties and thickness of the bubbles in the froth control the flotation process. There is no work showing how to measure bubble film composition and thickness by a straightforward manner. In this work, a novel approach, a custom-designed bubble cell associated with layer interferometry（in the UV-vis region） and FT-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of solid particle type（hydrophilic vs hydrophobic）, concentration and bubble diameter on stability of a bubble blown in air. Stability was quantified by measuring bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness. Kerosene with silicone oil as a foaming agent was used to evaluate the impact of bubble diameter（test series I）. Frother solutions（MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Hexanol and F-150） were used for the solid type concentration experiments（test series II）. In the first series of experiments, it was determined that as the diameter of a bubble increased from 10 to 25 mm, so did the hydrated film thickness from 350 to 1000 nm. In the second series, as the silica concentration increased（0 to 10%）, an increase in bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness was resulted（130%-250%）. An impact of solid hydrophobicity was found but to a lesser degree than expected. It is possible that the small particle size（〈0.1 m） of silica was responsible for this behavior. The findings are used to interpret the effect of solids in flotation froth.     

稀土钕改性的三元固体酸制备及催化合成乙酸异戊酯的应用研究

采用燃烧法制备了一系列S2O2-8/Fe2O3-Ti O2和稀土金属钕改性的S2O2-8/Fe2O3-Ti O2-Nd2O3固体超强酸催化剂。考察了钕含量对固体酸催化剂催化活性的影响,采用XRD、IR和SEM分析手段对掺杂和未掺杂钕固体酸样品进行了对比。结果表明:钕的添加提高了催化剂的催化活性,钕含量为2wt%时,S2O2-8/Fe2O3-Ti O2-Nd2O3催化活性最高,乙酸异戊酯的收率为97.9%;稀土钕有利于金属表面过硫酸根的稳定,对于固体酸中心的形成有利,并可使催化剂在制备时增加粒子的分散性,抑制在热作用下粒子的长大。     

硅藻土纯化处理工艺研究进展

硅藻土具有良好的物理、化学特性,被广泛的应用于填料、建材、农业、化工等多个领域。我国硅藻土虽然储量多,分布广,但是多数矿床杂质含量高,不能直接利用。合理的选择纯化工艺以及新的纯化工艺的开发已经成为该领域未来研究的热点。从物理纯化法、化学纯化法和物理-化学联合纯化法三个方面对目前硅藻土的提纯方法进行了归纳整理,在此基础上,提出了获得高品位、高比表面积硅藻土的纯化方案新构想,以期能在具体工业生产中具有一定的指导意义。     

Correspondence of bubble size and frother partitioning in flotation

The size of bubbles created in the flotation process is of great importance to the efficiency of the mineral separation achieved. Meanwhile, it is believed that frother transport between phases is perhaps the most important reason for the interactive nature of the phenomena occurring in the bulk and froth phases in flotation, as frother adsorbed in the surface of rising bubbles is removed from the bulk phase and then released into the froth as a fraction of the bubbles burst. This causes the increased concentration in the froth compared to the bulk concentration, named as frother partitioning. Partitioning reflects the adsorption of frother on bubbles and how to influence bubble size is not known. There currently exists no such a topic aiming to link these two key parameters. To fill this vacancy, the correspondence between bubble size and frother partitioning was examined. Bubble size was measured by sampling-for-imaging （SFI） technique. Using total organic carbon （TOC） analysis to measure the frother partitioning between froth and bulk phases was determined. Measurements have shown, with no exceptions including four different frothers, higher frother concentration is in the bulk than in the froth. The results also show strong partitioning giving an increase in bubble size which implies there is a compelling relationship between these two, represented byCFroth/CBulk andD32. TheCFroth/CBulk andD32 curves show similar exponential decay relationships as a function of added frother in the system, strongly suggesting that the frother concentration gradient between the bulk solution and the bubble interface is the driving force contributing to bubble size reduction.