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排序方式: 共有6206条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(73):31202-31222
Dark fermentation of sugarcane vinasse can be used as a “cleaning” step to remove sulfate prior to methanogenesis because sulfidogenic conditions can be successfully established in parallel with biohydrogen production. Using a 22 central composite rotational design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM), this study assessed the impacts of bicarbonate and sulfate availability on the establishment of sulfidogenesis in the thermophilic (55 °C) fermentation of vinasse in batch reactors, equally assessing the impacts on biohydrogen evolution. CCRD-RSM results indicated the favoring of biohydrogen production at the lowest sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations, whilst the opposite was observed for sulfidogenesis. Glycerol, lactate, and hydrogen were the preferential electron donors utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), whilst ethanol was markedly consumed only at high sulfate concentrations. SRB were inhibited by sodium when dosing excess NaHCO3 and Na2SO4. Complementary tests revealed maximum biohydrogen production (2.40 mmol) out of the CCRD, at pH exceeding 7.5 with no interference of sulfidogenesis. Non-efficient biohydrogen production was observed at low pH (<5.0; ~1.90 mmol) because the uptake of lactate was inhibited. Meanwhile, homoacetogenesis was established under intermediate pH range (5.5–6.5), as revealed by the accumulation of acetate (up to 2.5 g L?1). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing further revealed the genera Thermoanaerobacterium/Pseudoclostridium, Desulfotomaculum/Desulfohalotomaculum and Sporomusaceae/Moorella as the main biohydrogen-producing, sulfate-removing and biohydrogen-consuming (homoacetogens) microbial groups, respectively. Hence, using a single inoculum source, vinasse may provide a butyrate-rich (along with biohydrogen-rich biogas) or a sulfate-free and acetate-rich fermented effluent, depending mainly on proper pH control. 相似文献
2.
采用超高效液相色谱⁃四极杆⁃飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC⁃Q⁃TOF)对4类不同类型的含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)材质的食品接触材料在4 %乙酸和50 %乙醇模拟物中的迁移出的非挥发性未知物进行筛查解析。结果表明,产品在4 %乙酸模拟物的迁移风险远小于50 %乙醇模拟物,主要迁移物质为聚合单体形成的寡聚物,抗氧剂、润滑剂、胶黏剂等加工助剂以及生产加工、迁移过程中形成的非有意添加物(NIAS)物质;纯PET材质的产品迁移物质较少,多层复合材料迁移物质较多。复合材质的产品中,PET材质可能在生产时添加了己二酸、癸二酸、新戊二醇等物质,进行了改性处理;此外,部分迁移物质会与模拟物中的乙醇发生反应,生成新的NIAS物质。 相似文献
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5.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(22):31268-31276
The relationship between the tensile strength of corroded domestic second-generation (2ed-gen) SiC fibers at various temperatures for 500 h in 46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42.0KF (mol. %) eutectic salt and the typical microstructure was studied. Weibull theory was used to analyze the critical defects that caused the tensile fracture, and the microstructure of fibers before and after corrosion was characterized. It is concluded that the decrease of tensile strength after corrosion at 800 °C is caused by the surface injury of fibers, which led to the shift of critical defects from the internal defects of virgin fibers to surface defects. Moreover, corrosion at higher temperature accelerates the corrosion process and dissolve the surface O-contained layer thoroughly. This shifts the critical defects back to the internal defects and will be helpful for the recovery of tensile strength of corroded fibers at the higher temperature. 相似文献
6.
Xianwei Su Xiaojia Shang Yusi Che Shaolong Li Jianxun Song Jilin He 《Ceramics International》2021,47(15):21459-21465
Homogenous ZrCxOy powders have been successfully synthesized by in-situ electro-reduction of solid ZrO2–C composite precursors in molten CaCl2. The effect of applied cell voltage and molar ratio of ZrO2 to C on preparation of ZrCxOy were investigated. The reduction pathway of the composite electrode was studied based on the analysis of intermediate products using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that ZrO2 is firstly converted to CaZrO3. The resulting CaZrO3 is then reduced to ZrCxOy. The ZrCxOy formation is dramatically influenced by electrolysis voltage and molar ratio of ZrO2 to C: a higher cell voltage and lower molar ratio of the ZrO2 to C are more preferable for the formation of ZrCxOy powder. Homogenous ZrCxOy powders with particle size of ~100 nm are synthesized by ZrO2/C starting elemental powders in CaCl2 molten salt at 1123 K for more than 3 h, when the cell voltage is 3.0 V and the molar ratio of the ZrO2 to carbon starting materials is 1:1.0. 相似文献
7.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(12):16813-16824
Cu?diamond composites have been proposed as a candidate thermal management material for spacecraft electronics. Nevertheless, irradiation effects on the composites remain poorly understood at present. Here we focus on investigating the influence of Cu?diamond interfaces (CDIs) on energetic displacement cascades using atomistic simulations. Results show that a primary knock-on atom of Cu (PKA-Cu) can induce more significant damage than a PKA-C. Under almost all circumstances, the statistically averaged fraction of surviving interstitials is not only lower than that of vacancies but also no more than 1. Because of the unique nature in the mobility and interactions with CDIs, Cu interstitials exhibit the lowest concentration among all defects in most cases. The high residual rate of displaced defects in diamond makes it relatively difficult to heal. The structural damage is mainly manifested in a short-range disorder of diamond and a long-range disorder of Cu after irradiation. At elevated temperatures, the atomic displacement region may form compact chain-like defects to restrain lattice loosening. Despite the above, CDIs could act as effective sinks to facilitate the recombination and/or annihilation of irradiation-induced defects in all scenarios. This study provides an important insight into the understanding of the microscopic evolution of irradiation defects for the composites. 相似文献
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):24471-24475
Al2O3–SiC composite powder (ASCP) was successfully synthesized using a novel molten-salt-assisted aluminum/carbothermal reduction (MS-ACTR) method with silica fume, aluminum powder, and carbon black as raw materials; NaCl–KCl was used as the molten salt medium. The effects of the synthesis temperature and salt-reactant ratio on the phase composition and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that the Al2O3–SiC content increased with an increase in molten salt temperature, and the salt–reactant ratio in the range of 1.5:1–2.5:1 had an impact on the fabrication of ASCP. The optimum condition for synthesizing ASCP from NaCl–KCl molten salt consisted of maintaining the temperature at 1573 K for 4 h. The chemical reaction thermodynamics and growth mechanism indicate that the molten salt plays an important role in the formation of SiC whiskers by following the vapor-solid growth mode in the MS-ACTR treatment. This study demonstrates that the addition of molten salt as a reaction medium is a promising approach for synthesizing high-melting-point composite powders at low temperatures. 相似文献
9.
基于CFD?DEM耦合方法,研究了颗粒在水室内的流动状态,分析了不同刀盘转速、粒子水通入量和水室出口角度对造粒过程的影响,发现提高刀盘转速、增加粒子水通入量和水室出口倾斜一定的角度都有利于水室内颗粒的排出。进一步研究了颗粒与碎屑在水室内的流动,发现在水室出口处二者的流动基本呈现出一定的分离角度。 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(57):28936-28948
There are dozens of hydrogen production methods and techniques from many sources such as fossil fuels, renewable energy sources and nuclear energy in the literature. Thermo-chemical methods are more efficient at higher temperatures to produce large quantities of hydrogen. In this study, a comparative overview of Generation VI nuclear reactor types for major hydrogen production methods have been researched in the literature and suggestions have been carried out.This research work is addressing that both electric power cycle and hydrogen production based on nuclear technologies need to be developed. Generation IV nuclear reactors can provide hydrogen for a worldwide hydrogen economy. Both thermo-chemical and electrolysis (hybrid) processes in hydrogen production have a promising future, especially when integrated with Generation IV nuclear power plants. Efficient heat transfer is required for both high temperature thermodynamic cycles and the high temperature steam electrolysis. Hence, highly efficient heat exchanger designs are one of the key technologies for that purpose. 相似文献