全文获取类型
收费全文 | 171083篇 |
免费 | 20145篇 |
国内免费 | 12875篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 15162篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 17275篇 |
化学工业 | 21592篇 |
金属工艺 | 11786篇 |
机械仪表 | 12565篇 |
建筑科学 | 13813篇 |
矿业工程 | 6176篇 |
能源动力 | 4947篇 |
轻工业 | 15437篇 |
水利工程 | 5248篇 |
石油天然气 | 6404篇 |
武器工业 | 2417篇 |
无线电 | 19554篇 |
一般工业技术 | 15628篇 |
冶金工业 | 6933篇 |
原子能技术 | 2771篇 |
自动化技术 | 26393篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 439篇 |
2023年 | 2283篇 |
2022年 | 5533篇 |
2021年 | 7473篇 |
2020年 | 5462篇 |
2019年 | 4036篇 |
2018年 | 4358篇 |
2017年 | 5064篇 |
2016年 | 4678篇 |
2015年 | 7219篇 |
2014年 | 9192篇 |
2013年 | 11031篇 |
2012年 | 13958篇 |
2011年 | 14088篇 |
2010年 | 13739篇 |
2009年 | 13234篇 |
2008年 | 13590篇 |
2007年 | 13388篇 |
2006年 | 11772篇 |
2005年 | 9776篇 |
2004年 | 7330篇 |
2003年 | 5788篇 |
2002年 | 6074篇 |
2001年 | 5321篇 |
2000年 | 3427篇 |
1999年 | 1803篇 |
1998年 | 763篇 |
1997年 | 674篇 |
1996年 | 530篇 |
1995年 | 422篇 |
1994年 | 321篇 |
1993年 | 238篇 |
1992年 | 202篇 |
1991年 | 145篇 |
1990年 | 155篇 |
1989年 | 135篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 86篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 26篇 |
1951年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yong Jiang Zhenbang Wei Wenzhou Sun Limeng Liu Zhenkun Huang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(6):7588-7592
Samples in Si–Al-R-O-N (R = Y, Gd, Yb) systems were prepared by solid-state reactions using R2O3, Al2O3, SiO2 and Si3N4 powders as starting materials. X-ray diffraction was done to investigate RAM-J(R) solid solutions [RAM = R4Al2O9, J(R) = R4Si2N2O7] formation and their equilibrium with RSO (R4Si2O10). Phase relations between RAM, J(R) and RSO at 1700 °C were summarized in a phase diagram. It was determined that a limited solid solution of RAM and RSO could be formed along RAM-RSO tie-line, while RAM and J(R) form a continuous solid solution along RAM-J(R) tie-line. In RAM-J(R)-RSO ternary systems, the RAM-J(R) tie-lines were extended towards the RSO corner to form a continuous solid solution area of JRAMss (R = Y, Gd, Yb). The established phase relations in the Si–Al-R-O-N (R = Y, Gd, Yb) systems may facilitate compositional selections for developing JRAMss as monolithic ceramics or for SiC/Si3N4 based composites using the solid-solutions as a second refractory phase. 相似文献
2.
Kyunghee Kim Jisue Kim Hyoungseob Kim Gun Yong Sung 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
Owing to the prohibition of cosmetic animal testing, various attempts have recently been made using skin-on-a-chip (SOC) technology as a replacement for animal testing. Previously, we reported the development of a pumpless SOC capable of drug testing with a simple drive using the principle that the medium flows along the channel by gravity when the chip is tilted using a microfluidic channel. In this study, using pumpless SOC, instead of drug testing at the single-cell level, we evaluated the efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA), which is known as an anti-aging substance in skin equivalents, for skin tissue and epidermal structure formation. The expression of proteins and changes in genotyping were compared and evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological analysis showed a difference in the activity of fibroblasts in the dermis layer with respect to the presence or absence of ALA. We observed that the epidermis layer became increasingly prominent as the culture period was extended by treatment with 10 μM ALA. The expression of epidermal structural proteins of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 10, and collagen IV increased because of the effect of ALA. Changes in the epidermis layer were noticeable after the ALA treatment. As a result of aging, damage to the skin-barrier function and structural integrity is reduced, indicating that ALA has an anti-aging effect. We performed a gene analysis of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 10, integrin, and collagen I genes in ALA-treated human skin equivalents, which indicated an increase in filaggrin gene expression after ALA treatment. These results indicate that pumpless SOC can be used as an in vitro skin model similar to human skin, protein and gene expression can be analyzed, and it can be used for functional drug tests of cosmetic materials in the future. This technology is expected to contribute to the development of skin disease models. 相似文献
3.
4.
Tao TIAN Chao-lan ZHANG Feng ZHU Shan-xin YUAN Ying GUO Sheng-guo XUE 《中国有色金属学会会刊》2021,31(5):1484-1495
A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na+ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas. 相似文献
5.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion induced by bacteria has been studied for many years. Corrosion is known to be sensitive to the presence of microalgae, such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. However, the life activity of P. tricornutum that influences the general and localized corrosion of carbon steel is not fully understood. The current study uses a combination of immersion tests and electrochemical experiments with a detailed surface characterization to reveal the naturally formed corrosion products with/without the presence of P. tricornutum. The results show that samples suffer from pitting corrosion and the averaged pit depths are approximately 15 μm under a light–dark cycle condition or a 24-h constant light condition. Meanwhile, the corrosion products are mainly comprised of γ-FeOOH and Fe3O4 in a constant light condition. However, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4, and FeCO3 are found in a light–dark cycle. This study proposes the fundamental mechanisms of the effect of P. tricornutum life activities on the corrosion performance of Q235 carbon steel, to fulfill the knowledge gaps of the presence of microalgae inducing the general and pitting corrosion of carbon steel. 相似文献
6.
7.
Lingfang Zou Zhuan Li Zonglong Gao Fu Chen Wenjie Li Yong Yu Yimin Li Peng Xiao 《Ceramics International》2021,47(14):19328-19339
Improving the piezoelectric activity of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics is of great importance for practical applications. In this study, the influence of Pr3+ doping on the ferroelectric phase composition, microstructure, and electric properties on the A-site of (Pb1-1.5xPrx)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 is extensively investigated. A dense and fine microstructural sample is obtained with the introduction of Pr3+. The results show that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) moves to the rhombohedral phase region. The rhombohedral and tetragonal phases exhibit an ideal coexistence in the 4 mol.% Pr3+ doped (PPZT4) samples. Lead vacancy and the reduction of the potential energy barrier are considered to be the key mechanisms for donor doping, which is upheld by the Pr3+ doping. Combining the I-E hysteresis loops with the P-E hysteresis loops, it becomes apparent that both contribution maximums of the domain switching and residual polarisation are in PPZT4. Moreover, the thermal aging resistance of PZT is improved by doping, and the temperature stability is optimised from 83% in PZT to 96% in PPZT4. Hence, an appropriate amount of Pr3+ doping can effectively improve the piezoelectric activity of PZT ceramics in the MPB area and optimise the performance stability of the material under application temperatures. 相似文献
8.
Jieyun Tu Xinghui Shi Yuanrong Jing Huimin Zou Jakub Kadlcak Zhanfu Yong Susu Liu Guangyong Liu 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2021,61(8):2213-2221
Equilibrium swelling and rheological tests were adopted to systematically investigate the effects of softener type and dosage on the crosslink densities. The results turned out that the chemical crosslink density could be distinguished from the physical crosslink density by comparing the results of equilibrium swelling and rheological tests. The liquid butadiene (LB) as a softener leads to the greatest reduction in crosslink density, followed by polyethylene wax (PW) and paraffinic oil (PO). The tensile strength decreases with increasing PO content while shows peak values with increase of LB and PW contents. The dependencies of chemical crosslink density on the aging time under 150°C are quite different for the three softeners, which can be expected from the double crosslinking networks consisting of small softener and large main crosslinking networks. Further investigation has been performed to correlate the tensile strength with chemical crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer vulcanizates. Three different linear relationships can be obtained for the softeners independent of the aging time. It can now be expected from this study that the role of some new softeners in rubber compounds is not only confined to plasticization but also forms crosslinking networks in the peroxide-cured rubbers. 相似文献
9.
For the purpose of developing biodegradable magnesium alloys with suitable properties for biomedical applications, Mg–Zn–Ca–Cu metallic glasses were prepared by copper mold injection methods. In the present work, the effect of Cu doping on mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and glass-forming ability of Mg66Zn30Ca4 alloy was studied. The experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of Cu decreases the corrosion resistance of alloys, but increases the microhardness and degradation rate slightly. However, the addition of a trace amount of Cu can make the samples have antibacterial properties. Therefore, Mg–Zn–Ca–Cu has great advantages in clinical implantation and is the potential implant material. 相似文献
10.
Targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer enhancement of SMN2 Exon 7 inclusion by CRISPR/Case 9
LIUCHENG WU YI WANG LILI DU GUIQING JI RUI ZHOU ZEYI ZHAO JUN CHEN SHUNXING ZHU 《Biocell》2021,45(6):1501-1507
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease. Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-length SMN gene. The copy number of SMN2 gene with high homology of SMN1 affects the degree of disease and was the target gene for targeting therapy, in which splicing silencer in intron 7 was the key to suppress the inclusion of exon 7. In this study, we projected to use CRISPR/Case 9 for the targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer (ISS) sequence to promote the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and increase the production of SMN2 full-length (FL) gene expression. It happens that there was a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) at one end of the ISS sequence according to the design of sgRNA. The recombinant vector of sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case 9 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Sequencing results showed that the ISS sequence could be edited accurately and targeting in the predicted direction, in which deleting small fragments, inserting small amounts and mutation. Quantitative analysis of RT-PCR products by restriction enzyme of DdeI digestion showed that the FL of SMN2 increased by 8% (P < 0.05). In the primary cultured chondrocytes of SMA mice, in which sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case9 recombinant vector transfection could increase the SMN2 FL gene by 23% (P < 0.05) and significantly improve SMN protein levels (P < 0.05). CRISPR/Case 9 is an effective tool for gene editing and therapy of hereditary diseases, but it is rarely reported in the treatment of SMA diseases. This study shows that CRISPR/Case 9 was first used for the precision target of ISS sequence editing, which can effectively promote the production of SMN2 FL gene expressions, in which there was an important clinical reference value. 相似文献