火花放电原子发射光谱类型标准化校正方式的探讨

在国内,火花放电原子发射光谱分析广泛使用类型标准化进行方法校正。在国外,标准和文献中鲜见使用此方法的相关论述。类型标准化主要采用平移校正和转动校正两种方式,哪种方式更加合理也鲜见报道。国外设备类型标准化的默认设置优先采用转动校正方式,相关国内标准对最优校正方式的规定尚不明确,此默认设置的合理性有待探讨。实验选用低合金钢20CrNi2Mo、R407标准样品和不锈钢317L、0Cr18Ni9标准样品,引用国内相关标准,以正确度临界差为评判依据,模拟类型标准化样品和待测样品“十分接近”和“接近”两种情况下平移校正和转动校正的数据正确度。经数据统计分析,平移校正分析结果均满足要求,转动校正结果在“接近”情况下部分元素不满足要求。结合相关国家标准中元素含量范围和精密度数据进行分析,通过计算允许最大偏倚量并制作曲线图方式展开分析,得出如下结论:在满足文中类型标准化控制要点前提下,分析设置更适合于采用平移校正方式。     

Risk of slaughterhouse workers developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders in different organizational working conditions

Job rotation is defined as workers rotating between tasks with different exposure levels and occupational demands. The aim of the present study was to analyze the risk factors for the development of upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSDs) in poultry slaughterhouse workers as well as compare the score of the OCRA Checklist in different organizational working conditions. In this cross-sectional study, 118 workers were involved, 68 women (32.3 ± 10.7 years) and 50 men (29.5 ± 10.5 years). Three organizational configurations (“without job rotation”, “with job rotation – tasks >1h” and “with job rotation - tasks <1h”) were evaluated using the OCRA Checklist method, totaling 36 tasks and 28 job rotation schemes composed of 2–3 tasks. The OCRA score of the right upper limbs (17.8 ± 3.2) was significantly higher (p = 0.046) relative to the left upper limbs (16.4 ± 3.6). The median score was significantly lower in the “with job rotation - tasks <1h” condition (18.6) when compared to the “job rotation – tasks >1h” (19.4) (p < 0.001) and the “without job rotation” (19.0) (p = 0.038) conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the condition “with job rotation - tasks >1h” and “without job rotation” (p = 0.155). Thus, job rotations with intervals <1h reduced the risk of developing UL-WMSDs. Job rotations with <1 h intervals in poultry slaughterhouses are recommended along with further studies to verify the effectiveness of rotations with more than two tasks, involving mild or non-repetitive tasks.     

Experimental study on the behavior of eccentrically loaded circular footing model resting on reinforced sand

In this study, an experimental investigation has been conducted on a circular footing model subjected to eccentric load resting on the geonet-reinforced sand. To this end, five series of tests were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of reinforcement dimension and eccentricity on the bearing capacity, settlement, and rotation of the footing. Results show that the bearing capacity ratio (BCR) is in direct relationship with eccentricity and the impact of soil reinforcement at low settlements is much more significant in the case of eccentric loading. Additionally, the bearing capacity interaction diagram and variation in the position of rotation line at different load levels for reinforced and unreinforced conditions are presented.     

Magneto-rotation-fibre-reinforced thermoelastic with gravity and energy dissipation

In this article, two theories of the generalized thermoelasticity Green-Naghdi theory (of type II and III) are applied, as well as the coupled theory to study the effect of magnetic field and rotation under influence of gravity on 2D problem of a fibre-reinforced thermoelastic. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the expressions for the temperature, displacement components and the thermal stresses distributions. The resulting formulation is applied for two different concrete problems. The first concerns the case of a punch moving across the surface of semi-infinite thermoelastic half-space subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. The second deals with a thick plate subjected to a time-dependent heat source on each face. Numerical results are illustrated graphically for each problem considered. A comparison is made with the results predicted obtained by the two theories in the presence and absence of magnetic field, rotation and gravity field.     

Möbius变换下四次有理抛物-PH曲线的C2 Hermite插值

目的 曲线插值问题在机器人设计、机械工业、航天工业等诸多现代工业领域都有广泛的应用，而已知端点数据的Hermite插值是计算机辅助几何设计中一种常用的曲线构造方法，本文讨论了一种偶数次有理等距曲线，即四次抛物-PH曲线的C² Hermite插值问题。方法 基于M bius变换引入参数，利用复分析的方法构造了四次有理抛物-PH曲线的C² Hermite插值，给出了具体插值算法及相应的Bézier曲线表示和控制顶点的表达式。结果 通过给出"合理"的端点插值数据，以数值实例表明了该算法的有效性，所得12条插值曲线中，结合最小绝对旋转数和弹性弯曲能量最小化两种准则给出了判定满足插值条件最优曲线的选择方法，并以具体实例说明了与其他插值方法的对比分析结果。结论 本文构造了M bius变换下的四次有理抛物-PH曲线的C² Hermite插值，在保证曲线次数较低的情况下，达到了连续性更高的插值条件，计算更为简单，插值效果明显，较之传统奇数次PH曲线具有更加自然的几何形状，对偶数次PH曲线的相关研究具有一定意义。     

气体静压轴承与主动磁轴承混合支撑轴系结构设计及静态性能研究

针对由气体静压轴承作为支撑的气浮精密主轴存在承载力相对较小及可控性不高的问题,结合带有周向微通槽的气体静压轴承与基于增量式PID控制的主动磁轴承,设计一款气磁混合支撑主轴。为提高小孔节流气体静压轴承的承载力,将气体静压轴承内表面的稳压室用矩形、三角形、半圆形截面动压微通槽相连通,通过FLUENT仿真分析3种截面动压微通槽对轴承承载能力的影响;以主轴的回转精度为衡量标准,在Matlab Simulink中仿真分析增量式PID控制的主动磁轴承的性能。结果表明:3种截面动压微通槽能有效提高气体静压轴承的承载能力,其中同等条件下矩形截面效果最好,可使轴承的承载力提高54%;基于增量式PID控制的主动磁轴承能够有效提高主轴的稳态响应速度及回转精度,使其在启动40 s后保持0.2μm的回转精度。     

基于卡滞响应的翼面偏转自动切换技术

为了验证水陆两栖飞机结构对CCAR-25-R4部25.305,25.307条款要求的符合性,要求当全机加载到限制载荷时,需要在规定时间内一次性获取活动翼面的最大正负偏角。针对此问题,提出了基于卡滞响应的翼面偏转自动切换技术,并将该方法应用于大型灭火/水上救援水陆两栖飞机稳定俯仰2.5 g工况限制载荷静力试验中,顺利完成了试验。试验结果表明,该方法是可行和有效的,同时为后续试验提供技术支撑。     

Improving weld formability by a novel dual-rotation bobbin tool friction stir welding

A novel dual-rotation bobbin tool friction stir welding (DBT-FSW) was developed, in which the upper shoulder (US) and lower shoulder (LS) have different rotational speeds. This process was tried to weld 3.2 mm thick aluminum-lithium alloy sheets. The metallographic analysis and torque measurement were carried out to characterize the weld formability. Experimental results show that compared to conventional bobbin tool friction stir welding, the DBT-FSW has an excellent process stability, and can produce the defect-free joints in a wider range of welding parameters. These can be attributed to the significant improvement of material flow caused by the formation of a staggered layer structure and the unbalanced force between the US and LS during the DBT-FSW process.     

基于曲轴扭振信息识别的柴油机失火气缸判别方法

为解决柴油发动机在高转速、低负荷工况下难以准确判断出发生失火故障的气缸的问题,提出了通过检测曲轴转速信号中的扭振信号起始点来判定失火气缸的故障诊断方法。该方法首先通过分析单缸失火时的转速信号以确定曲轴扭振的自由频率,然后基于该频率构造正弦检测信号,将该检测信号与各缸做功转角范围内的转速信号做内积运算,并得到的内积值作为失火气缸的指示特征。在6缸柴油机上的失火试验证明该方法能够在高转速低负荷情况下准确识别发动机的单缸失火和两缸失火,弥补了传统失火诊断方法工况覆盖率低的不足。     

基于聚集诱导发光效应的高固低黏丙烯酸荧光树脂的制备及其性能研究

为了研制一种具有荧光功能特性的高固低黏羟基丙烯酸树脂。从聚集诱导发光效应（AIE）出发，将具有 AIE性质的二对丙烯酸四苯乙烯酯荧光分子通过自由基共聚连接于聚合物链段。由于聚合物链段对荧光分子化学键固定以及聚合物链的包裹束缚作用，导致荧光分子运动受限，从而实现涂层在紫外灯下荧光发光。通过荧光光谱的实时跟踪，探索高固低黏羟基丙烯酸树脂的合成以及固化规律。此外，由于聚合物链段对外界刺激具有实时响应性，从而间接影响了所连接的荧光分子的荧光发光行为。因此，文中也探索了涂层在外界温度与化学气体的影响下所发生的荧光变化的规律，以探索其在功能涂层中应用的可行性。