Optimal PMU placement considering topology constraints

A new optimization algorithm for optimal PMU configuration based on combination of graph theory and genetic algorithm is proposed. According to four topology reconstruction rules and three PMU configuration rules based on the graphic relationships between PMUs, constraints of PMU placement are put forward through topology constraint analysis, which dramatically limits the feasible solution space, thereby enhancing the algorithm speed. Meanwhile, an improved genetic algorithm based on serial number coding is presented to avoid infeasible solutions and improve the overall optimization performance. New corresponding crossover and mutation operator is also created. Examples show that the proposed algorithm performs very well and is highly valuable to large-scale networks.     

锂镍钴锰氧正极材料的热聚合法制备及性能表征研究

经过几十年的发展,锂离子电池由于其在能量密度、循环寿命等方面的优势,在小心电子产品上获得了广泛的应用。在目前的商业化锂离子电池产业中,应用最广泛的正极材料是由Good enough等开发的LiCoO2材料,但是其有毒、热稳定性差等特点,导致其难以得到进一步的应用。因此,通过开发他们的复合材料成为了锂离子电池正极材料开发的主要研究方向之一。论文主要对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的热聚合法制备及性能表征进行了一定的研究。     

计及紧急直流功率支援的扰动后稳态频率预测算法

提出了一种计及紧急直流功率支援情况下,能同时考虑直流两侧电网频率响应的扰动后稳态频率预测算法。该算法对系统发电机调速器方程、负荷静态模型方程、直流输电系统传输功率方程和系统网络方程进行了线性化处理,同时考虑紧急直流功率支援,推导了两区域交直流系统扰动后稳态频率预测方程,可以直接快速地计算出扰动后各区域的稳态频率和使其中一个区域稳态频率恢复到设定值时的直流功率支援量。对一个典型的两区域交直流并联系统进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明所提算法具有较高的精度和较快的计算速度,证明了算法的适用性和有效性,具有与紧急频率控制相配合并在线应用的前景。     

基于博弈演化算法的PMU最优配置方法

为实现电力系统可观测性,提出一种新的相量测量单元(PMU)配置方法,即基于博弈论的演化算法。该算法将寻找PMU最优配置方案的问题映射为理性主体寻求自身利益最大化的博弈过程,PMU最优配置方案即对应于博弈中的纳什均衡解。其突出优点是演化方向确定、全局收敛性好、收敛速度快、解具有多样性。应用该算法在IEEE 30节点、新英格兰39节点、某128节点系统进行仿真计算,与深度优化算法、模拟退火算法和最小生成树算法的结果进行比较,说明了该算法的可行性及优势。     

计及相量测量单元信息不可观性的强迫功率振荡扰动源定位

强迫功率振荡的扰动源定位是低频振荡诊断与分析中的重要问题。目前,利用相量测量单元(PMU)的数据进行扰动源位置识别已引起了一定的关注,但相关研究成果大多未考虑PMU尚无法完整配置的现状,因而难以在实际电力系统中推广应用。为此,提出了一种计及PMU信息不可观性的强迫功率扰动源定位方法,并从扰动源定位的角度出发,提出了PMU分区配置的基本要求。仿真结果表明,该方法可在PMU信息不可观的情况下准确识别扰动源位置。     

一种适用于WAMS量测数据的系统暂态功角稳定评估方法

考虑WAMS量测数据刷新速率快,数据量大的特点,提出了一种适用于WAMS量测数据的暂态功角稳定评估方法。选取初始特征量集并用核主成分分析法对特征集进行降维,过滤冗余特征并降低分类器输入向量的维度。构建训练样本集,计算各样本的初始特征量集并进行降维。通过训练ECVM分类器对暂态功角稳定进行评估,并用测试数据集验证分类器的准确率。在新英格兰10机39节点系统中的仿真表明,所提算法有较高的分类准确率,与传统分类算法相比降低了单个样本评估所需的时间,具有工程使用价值。     

Optimal allocation of phasor measurement unit for full observability of the connected power network

This paper presents binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) technique for the optimal allocation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for the entire observability of connected power network. Phasor measurement units are considered as one of the most important measuring devices in the prospect of connected power network. PMUs function may be incorporated to the wide-area connected power networks for monitoring and controlling purposes. The optimal PMU placement (OPP) problem provides reference to the assurance of the minimal number of PMUs and their analogous locations for observability of the entire connected power networks. Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm is developed for the solution of OPP problem. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed method has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, New England 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus, IEEE 118-bus and Northern Regional Power Grid (NRPG) 246-bus test system. The results obtained by proposed approach are compared with other standard methods and it is observed that this BPSO based placement of phasor measurement units is found to be the best among all other techniques discussed.     

Dissipating energy flow method for locating the source of sustained oscillations

The modification of an energy-based approach called the dissipating energy flow (DEF) method is proposed, which uses data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) to trace the source of poorly damped natural and forced oscillations in power systems. The original energy-based approach (Chen et al., 2013) assumes the ability to determine steady-state values of variables measured by PMU during the transient process and that prevents the reliable use of the original method with actual PMU data. PMU data processing, proposed in the DEF method, is a key step in converting the energy-based method into a robust and automated tool for use with actual PMU data. The effectiveness of the proposed DEF method is demonstrated by testing multiple simulated cases of sustained oscillations, including both poorly damped natural and forced oscillations and more than 30 actual events in ISO New England (ISO-NE) and two events in Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) systems. The study also demonstrates the potential for using the DEF method to estimate the contribution of any generator to the damping of a specific oscillation mode.     

A wide area synchrophasor-based load shedding scheme to prevent voltage collapse

This paper presents a new method based on wide area voltage stability index for optimal load shedding to prevent voltage instability phenomena. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have widely been used in recent years due to their great advantages in power systems wide area monitoring, protection and control. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new optimal load shedding method, which disconnects the least possible amount of load from optimum buses. Not only the system stability is considered as main goal in this research, but also minimum load shedding is taken into account. Moreover, the problem of optimal load shedding is applied using modified Discrete Imperialistic Competition Algorithm (DICA) in mid-term and long-term voltage instability scenarios. In all investigations, certain limitations are considered to obtain practical answers. In addition, some modifications are applied to the conventional ICA, which make it proper for solving the optimal load shedding problem. New modifications result in fast convergence characteristic and less run time, which are crucial in dealing with power system instability problems.