What Can We Learn from FGF-2 Isoform-Specific Mouse Mutants? Differential Insights into FGF-2 Physiology In Vivo

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), ubiquitously expressed in humans and mice, is functionally involved in cell growth, migration and maturation in vitro and in vivo. Based on the same mRNA, an 18-kilo Dalton (kDa) FGF-2 isoform named FGF-2 low molecular weight (FGF-2LMW) isoform is translated in humans and rodents. Additionally, two larger isoforms weighing 21 and 22 kDa also exist, summarized as the FGF-2 high molecular weight (FGF-2HMW) isoform. Meanwhile, the human FGF-2HMW comprises a 22, 23, 24 and 34 kDa protein. Independent studies verified a specific intracellular localization, mode of action and tissue-specific spatiotemporal expression of the FGF-2 isoforms, increasing the complexity of their physiological and pathophysiological roles. In order to analyze their spectrum of effects, FGF-2LMW knock out (ko) and FGF-2HMWko mice have been generated, as well as mice specifically overexpressing either FGF-2LMW or FGF-2HMW. So far, the development and functionality of the cardiovascular system, bone formation and regeneration as well as their impact on the central nervous system including disease models of neurodegeneration, have been examined. This review provides a summary of the studies characterizing the in vivo effects modulated by the FGF-2 isoforms and, thus, offers a comprehensive overview of its actions in the aforementioned organ systems.     

Cu基络合物催化甲醇液相氧化羰化反应

针对甲醇液相氧化羰基化法合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)工艺,开发了新型Cu基络合催化剂(CuB rnLm)。对CuB rnLm催化剂的活性及其稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用该催化剂,甲醇转化率和DMC选择性较高;元素价态和物质结构分析表明,CuB rnLm催化剂循环使用5次后仍保持较好的稳定性。采用正交设计和中心响应曲面法设计实验,并使用S tatistica软件进行统计分析,寻求出反应的主要影响因素,并得到优化的工艺条件:反应温度100~110℃、反应压力3.0~3.5M Pa、反应时间4~6h、CuB rnLm催化剂质量浓度(以甲醇的体积计)0.15~0.20g/mL。在此工艺条件下,甲醇转化率可达23%以上,DMC的选择性为96%~98%。     

中关村中心区水文地质及工程地质特征

本文全面、系统地分析了北京市中关村中心区的水文地质及工程地质特征 ,为该地区的工程建设提供可靠的地质资料     

柴达木盆地断裂系统特征与油气勘探战略方向

基底断裂格局决定了盆地构造演化和沉积发育,导致了北缘、中部和昆北3个各具特色的断裂构造系统。北缘断裂构造系统平面上以反S展布、剖面上以一系列北倾南冲的逆冲断层带及其所控制的同沉积构造呈阶梯向南下掉为特点,受北部祁连山构造应力系统的作用;南部昆北断裂构造系统发育压陷断槽和断阶带,受南部昆仑山构造应力系统的作用;中部断裂构造系统以两断夹一隆的冲起构造为特色,同时受祁连山和昆仑山构造应力的共同作用。断裂对油气藏的形成和分布有重要的控制作用,表现在对烃源岩、储集条件、圈闭形成及油气运聚等方面。依据断裂控烃特征并针对柴达木盆地的具体情况,柴达木盆地油气勘探应迅速转移到盆地腹地即中部断裂构造系统区,尤其是鄂博梁Ⅱ号一伊克雅乌汝、鸭湖—台吉乃尔构造带和中南隆起区,有望取得重大突破。      

尼尔基主坝碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工质量控制

尼尔基水利枢纽工程主坝为碾压式沥青混凝土心墙砂砾石坝（导流明渠段采用浇筑式沥青混凝土心墙），此种坝型在我国北方寒冷地区是首次采用。通过对原材料、沥青混凝土制备和现场铺筑的质量控制，经采用无损检测和钻孔取芯样对成墙质量的检验，工程优良率达到100％，并创造了多项国内施工记录，为国内沥青混凝土心墙施工积累了宝贵经验。     

NGN的互联互通模型

针对现有两两互联互通网络模型的不足，提出了一种用于NGN的中心型互联互通网络模型，解决了现有网络模型的不足，并对该中心型网络模型的商用作进一步的探讨。     

略论中国传统合院住宅形式的固化与沿用

合院式住宅是中国人沿用了二千多年的典型形制，除了其能满足采光、通风的要求和建造相对简化外，中国传统社会早期的中霤祭祀和以五行为基本元素的统括万物的宇宙模式对于中国式合院住宅的固化与沿用，也起了不可忽视的作用。     

Investigation of Centreline Segregation and Centreline Porosity in CC ‐ Slabs

Improvements of solidification processing in conventional or near net shape casting depend on sophisticated methods of macroscopic examination of central unsoundness and inhomogeneity of the cast material. As long as remarkable deviations referring to the quality features exist between the slab centre and the bulk material such methods should be looked after. Two semi‐macroscopic methods of segregation analysis are discussed in this paper: firstly, the potential of the emission spectral analysis combined with sectioning of a sample and secondly, the computer aided micro‐probe analysis. Both methods are restricted to small local areas. The proneness of elements and steel grades with respect to micro‐ and macrosegregation as well as distribution‐ and segregation coefficients are determined. The effect of a diffusion anneal on homogenisation of segregation is studied. Last not least the precipitation of sulphides, phosphides or carbonitrides is estimated. Ultrasonic detection of the central unsoundness of conventional slabs or thin slabs is a new approach towards a quantitative macroscopic examination. The sample size is 400 mm x 300 mm x 30 mm. To achieve a low ultrasonic noise using a 5 MHz‐transducer the samples are heat treated for grain refinement. “Dog bone porosity”, macroscopic topographical misfit between the upper and lower solidifying shells, periodical corner cracks or systematic transverse centre cracks are detected. Obviously, segregations do not reflect the ultrasonic beam. However, it can be presumed that an interrelation exists between porosity and segregation, although these might be locally apart from each other. This new ultrasonic test of the central unsoundness of continuous cast (c.c.) slabs gives valuable arguments to machine builders and maintenance people to decide on the right concepts for strand guidance, support rollers and secondary cooling. Soft reduction can be optimized and variations in casting speed counteracted by dynamic means. R&D service of this kind can help steelmakers when decisions are impending to build new casting machines or revamp old ones.     

天然气供热供冷的技术经济分析

对冬季采用天然气热水锅炉供热，夏季采用电动离心式冷水机组供冷和冬夏季都采用天然气直燃型溴化锂吸收式冷热水机组进行供热供冷的两种方案进行了技术经济比较。指出天然气价和电价是影响供热供冷成本的最敏感因素。     

弱导光纤的标量衍射光束特性分析

仿照罗兰圆光学系统构造罗兰球光学系统 ,在罗兰球中简化电磁波的瑞利 索末菲标量衍射积分公式 ,推导出折射率阶跃分布的弱导光纤LP模衍射场分布和空间频谱的计算公式。提出LP0 1模远场衍射分布存在类似于平面波圆孔夫琅禾费衍射艾里斑的中央亮斑概念 ,并给出中央亮斑角半宽度的计算公式。