Conceptualizing “free-from” food consumption determinants: A systematic integrative literature review focused on gluten and lactose

BackgroundGluten- and lactose-free products are registering a sudden rise in the market, particularly among tolerant people, and this leads to consumer confusion and nutritional inadequacies. The number of studies around this trend has steadily increased in the last 10 years, as scholars from different disciplines have tried to rationalize consumers’ behaviours in these foods’ choice. However, the scientific debate appears fragmented and lacks an integrated view.ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic integrative review of consumers’ determinants of gluten-free and lactose-free consumption to frame the state of the art and research gaps.Methods45 English language articles reporting quantitative empirical studies ranging from 1971 and 2019 were analysed. First we categorized the consumption determinants in six factors applying the model proposed by Koster and Mojet, then we proposed a new integrated conceptualization inspired by Bronfenbrenner’s Transtheoretical Model. Moreover, differences and similarities between tolerant and intolerant consumers will be highlighted.ResultsResearch on intolerant consumers focused more on individuals’ determinants, in terms of awareness, trust, morality, and capability to read nutritional facts (as purchase facilitators); while studies targeting tolerant consumers focused more on objective product characteristics (with price and availability in supermarkets as barriers for consumption). In this target the subjective perspective has been studied only referring to the risk for developing psychological issues in the restrictive diet.ConclusionAs information is lacking in the scientific debate, we suggest for future research the integration of consumers’ subjective implicit levers to decipher free-from purchase behaviours.     

德国柏林工业保护建筑的低能耗改造

德国建筑的生态节能技术位于世界前列, 大量旧建筑通过节能改造达到甚至超越了现行的能耗标准。文章通过对柏林上牧场旧工业改造区一处工业保护建筑低能耗改造的实证分析,梳理了历史建筑在保护和低能耗改造之间的矛盾和对策,探索一种在满足现行规范下将保护和改造创意结合的可行性,为我国的同类项目实践提供借鉴和参考。     

上海市住宅空调的相关调查及其耗电量的估算

在上海市某小区进行了一次与住宅空调相关的问卷调查，了解空调器拥有量及居民使用习惯和评价等信息，并根据问卷调查获得的数据，估算了上海市夏季住宅空调的耗电量，进而预计将来空调耗电量的发展。     

Consumption effects of electricity decarbonization: Evidence from California and the Pacific Northwest

This paper estimates the price-induced impacts of decarbonization policy on CO₂ emissions in California and the Pacific Northwest. We document that retail demands for electricity and natural gas by customer class are highly price-inelastic. Based on the heat rates of natural-gas-fired generation, we find that a 10% electricity rate increase due to electricity decarbonization may not have the consumption effects of further reducing the region’s CO₂ emissions.     

城市地震应急避难场所地图集的设计与编制

地震应急避难场所地图集是地震系列专题地图中最常见、应用最广泛的一种,在城市应急保障方面发挥着重要的作用。本文从地震应急避难场所的功能出发,探讨了应急避难场所地图集的设计和编制方法,并以福州市为例进行了实验和应用,为今后的城市应急避难专题图编制提供参考。     

建筑符号学理论在室内设计中的应用研究——以广东石油化工学院实验楼为例

符号学经过多年的发展,已被广泛应用于各个领域。建筑符号学作为符号学系统的一类,对建筑、室内设计实践有着极其重要的指导意义。文章以广东石油化工学院实验楼室内设计实践为例,从理论基础、主题文脉、设计理念、符号衍生、符号运用等方面,阐释了建筑符号学在室内设计中的提取、演绎、创作与识读历程。其在设计实践领域的运用,能将设计聚"形"、延"意"、传"神",能有效地使空间设计继承文化、延伸意义和内涵,让空间充满生命力。如此,既丰富了设计的理论、构思与表达,又为信息的传递提供了媒介,也为解决建筑、室内设计中"文化缺失"、"意义危机"等问题提供了重要途径。     

古建制度与符号学立方体讨论提纲

该文力图用符号与图式来准确地表达中国古建筑随时间与空间的变化而变化的规律,以及社会外力与时空变化作用于建筑时的相互影响。在组合的平面中,只有"进入",在视点序列中形成无数个"散点"才可如同观一幅长卷一样清晰再现古建筑原形;社会变迁与对时空的改造是互动的,是有规律可寻的。     

Wine-related aromas for different seasons and occasions: Hedonic and emotional responses of wine consumers from Australia,UK and USA

It is still not fully clear how particular aromas in wine may affect consumers’ liking and emotional responses, and whether these change in different contexts and seasons. Therefore, a study was conducted with 3000 regular wine consumers from Australia, UK and USA using an online survey that assessed liking for 59 wine aromas, and from which 9 aromas, selected as representatives of groups of similar aromas, were profiled for elicited emotions by the ScentMove™ scale.The most liked wine aromas across all countries were ‘berry-like’, followed by ‘vanilla’, ‘chocolate’, ‘citrus-like’ and ‘honey’. Interestingly, aromas with the same liking rating displayed significantly different emotional profiles which seemed to drive differences in preferred consumption occasion and season. For example, highly liked ‘passionfruit’ aroma, associated with happy, relaxed and romantic emotions, was suitable for many occasions and seasons, ‘lemon’ evoked energetic emotions and was preferred in wines consumed at parties/BBQs in summer, while ‘chocolate’ would fit well in a restaurant. Hedonic and emotional responses towards selected wine aromas differed between various demographic groups. Gender, age and consumption frequency had greater effects than education or income, with similar patterns found in each country indicating similarity in wine cultures and the language used. The national influence was more reflected in the polarised rating by the USA consumers compared to UK and Australia. This information could be utilised to produce wines for specific occasions and seasons.     

How do the internet technological developments shift the consumption pattern of paper products? Evidence from China

Using a monthly data between 2008 and 2019, this study investigated how the development of the Internet technologies has shaped the consumer consumption pattern of different types of paper products in China during this period. In detail, this study covers four major types of paper products in the Chinese market: newsprint, printing paper, household paper, and packaging paper. The developments of Internet technologies were decomposed into two aspects: the communication technology (CT) and the software platform technology (PT). Granger causality analysis was employed to determine whether the consumption pattern of paper products was affected by the development of the Internet. Furthermore, impulse-response analyses were utilized to measure how the consumption pattern of each paper product was shaped by the development of each aspect of Internet technologies, i.e., CT or PT. The empirical results suggested that the Internet developments are causing the consumption patterns shifts of all four paper products. Specifically, the consumptions of newsprint and printing paper were driven by both CT and PT. However, the consumptions of packaging paper and household paper were driven by the PT only. Compared to the development of CT, we found that the quick evolution of PT plays a more significant role in shifting people's consumption of paper products in China. The empirical results revealed by this study could provide valuable economics and policy implications to both academia and relevant industries.     

An analysis of monthly household energy consumption among single-family residences in Texas, 2010

Demographic, socioeconomic, and housing characteristics influence variation in household energy consumption. By combining household-level utility, public, and proprietary data, we examine predictors of household energy consumption in a Texas urban area. Using quantile regression, this analysis assesses the relationship between energy consumption and predictors at the middle and both ends of the distribution (10th and 90th percentiles). Results indicate potential opportunities to lower consumption among the highest energy-consuming households including those with pools, with non-central cooling, with people working from home, those built on pier/post foundation, and those that are renter-occupied. These findings suggest significant opportunities to reduce consumption and demand as in the study area, almost 10% of housing units are renter-occupied, 18% percent are without central cooling, and 7% have pools. Capturing a significant portion of these homes for retrofit conservation efforts through marketing has potential to produce substantial results. Producing a better understanding of determinants of household energy consumption using the methods presented has potential to assist development and implementation of strategies to reduce consumption and increase efficiency.