Saliency4ASD: Challenge,dataset and tools for visual attention modeling for autism spectrum disorder

The recent studies showing that gaze features can be useful in the identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), have opened a new domain where Visual Attention (VA) modeling could be of great help. In this sense, this paper presents a report of the Grand Challenge “Saliency4ASD: Visual attention modeling for Autism Spectrum Disorder”, organized at IEEE ICME’19, aiming at supporting the research on VA modeling towards this healthcare societal challenge. In particular, this paper describes the workflow, obtained results, and datasets and tools that were used within this activity, in order to help on the development and evaluation of two types of VA models: (1) to predict saliency maps that fit gaze behavior of people with ASD, and (2) to identify individuals with ASD from typical development.     

地表移动带范围内建构筑物安全可靠性分析

地表建构筑物位于在生产矿山地表开采移动范围内，如果按照一般圈定地表移动范围原则判断建构筑物的安全可靠性，结果是不安全或者预留保安矿柱可保证安全。为分析地表移动带范围内建构筑物安全可靠性，采用FLAC3D软件建立数值模拟模型，对矿区地表移动进行分析研究，并结合建构筑物的破坏等级评判标准，可以更加合理地判断地表移动范围内建构筑物的安全可靠性，对存在相似条件的矿山具有一定的借鉴意义。     

The benefits of integrated eye tracking with airborne image recorders in the flight deck: A rejected landing case study

Aircraft accident investigation has played a pivotal role in improving the safety of aviation. Advances in recorder technology, specifically Cockpit Voice Recorders (CVRs) and Flight Data Recorders (FDR) have made a huge contribution to the understanding of occurrences for accident investigators. However, even these recorders have limitations such as the evidence they provide about pilots' situation awareness or behaviours. Supplementing audio and data recordings with video has been discussed for many years and whilst there continues to be debate among regulators, operators, manufacturers and pilot unions, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has mandated Airborne Image Recorders (AIR) from 2023. The purpose of installing such systems is to provide evidence of crew operational behaviours in terms of both human-human and human-computer interactions (HCI) on the flight deck. Video alone is unlikely to provide sufficient evidence for investigators. This study examines the additional value that eye-tracking technology may provide through the case study of an accident involving an Airbus A330-300 aircraft which experienced a rejected landing. Currently, the investigation of such events, where crew interaction with automation is critical to their situation awareness, relies heavily on interview data. Such data may be unavailable (in the case of serious injury) or unreliable (based on hindsight bias). By integrating eye tracking technology into an AIR, accident investigators will potentially gain a better understanding of pilots’ visual scan patterns across flight deck instrumentation. This has implications for flight deck and procedural design as well as training and simulation.     

采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应

地下煤层开采引起的岩层运动是一系列安全和环境问题的根源,研究采动岩层运动规律是安全、高效、绿色开采的重要基础。通过对岩层运动过程的研究,揭示了采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应及其对岩层运动规律的影响机制。研究表明:采动覆岩经历了卸荷膨胀与再压实的动态过程。受关键层结构控制,上覆岩层由下向上成组破断运动,关键层破断前,阻断了上覆载荷向下方岩层的传递,导致其因卸荷而产生膨胀,包括碎胀与弹性膨胀。随着关键层破断高度增加,覆岩卸荷高度同步增大,因卸荷而膨胀的岩层总厚度不断增大;同时卸荷煤岩也受到已破断关键层载荷的压实作用,从而造成覆岩卸荷膨胀总量的不断变化。将这种覆岩卸荷膨胀总量随覆岩卸荷高度动态变化的现象定义为采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应,进而建立了理论模型,并通过淮北海孜煤矿巨厚火成岩下采煤覆岩裂隙实测进行了验证。结果表明,采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应对采动岩层运动规律产生了重要影响,如影响覆岩关键层下离层量,影响覆岩关键层贯通破断的高度,影响不同开采条件的地表下沉系数等。采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应改变了对离层存在形式的传统认识,该效应的存在导致关键层下最大离层量一般小于采高的10%,覆岩可注浆充填空间并非传统认识上的“离层区”,而主要是注浆充填压力“压实”作用下将覆岩卸荷累积膨胀所转化出的那部分空间,该发现指导了覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采技术的创新研发及其在建筑物压煤开采中的成功实践。     

英东油田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术

英东油田是柴达木盆地单个油藏储量规模最大、丰度最高、物性最好、开发效益最佳的整装油气田。通过对英东油田的地质再认识，对成藏条件及技术难题进行了攻关研究。研究结果表明：英雄岭地区位于柴西地区茫崖生烃凹陷，油源条件丰富，新近系油砂山组以宽缓的三角洲前缘-滨浅湖沉积为主，砂、泥岩纵向交替出现，砂体分布广泛且物性较好，泥岩为主要盖层，与古近系优质烃源岩形成一套完整的下生上储式生-储-盖组合；英东地区的大型滑脱断层沟通了古近系优质烃源岩和中、浅层构造圈闭，使早期聚集的油气藏发生调整，同时后期形成的油气持续运聚，深、浅层断裂形成"接力式"输导，在浅层晚期形成的构造圈闭中聚集成藏；中、浅层断层具备良好的侧向封堵性能，有利于油气的保存。针对英东地区复杂的地形地貌和油藏特征，形成了复杂山地三维地震采集处理解释一体化技术，为落实油气勘探目标奠定了基础。针对英东油田含油气井段长、流体识别难度大等问题，建立了长井段多油气水系统油藏开发模式、多条件约束复杂断块地质建模技术。通过明确英东油田的成藏机理，攻克工程复杂关键技术，为实现英东油田的高效开发和增储上产提供了重要的地质理论支撑和技术保障。     

Contested landscapes: territorial conflicts and the production of different ruralities in Brazil

ABSTRACT

From the perspective of Brazilian agrarian geography, the conflicts generated by land tenure disputes have as protagonists the families of the Landless Workers’ Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra), traditional landowners, and agribusiness corporations. In this article, we present a reflection on land conflicts and the spatial and territorial production of latifundia, peasant smallholders, and large-scale agribusiness through studies of the landscapes of two municipalities in the state of São Paulo. Among the various tools for analysing territorial disputes, Google Earth can be used for local, regional, and international comparative studies of how landscapes have been transformed. Informed by traditional research, the article analyses a diversity of photographs, from satellite to field shots, as evidence of landscapes that express conflicting social relations in disputes over different models of social and territorial development.     

Eye movements and visual discomfort when viewing stereoscopic 3D content

The visual brain fuses the left and right images projected onto the two eyes from a stereoscopic 3D (S3D) display, perceives parallax, and rebuilds a sense of depth. In this process, the eyes adjust vergence and accommodation to adapt to the depths and parallax of the points they gazed at. Conflicts between accommodation and vergence when viewing S3D content potentially lead to visual discomfort. A variety of approaches have been taken towards understanding the perceptual bases of discomfort felt when viewing S3D, including extreme disparities or disparity gradients, negative disparities, dichoptic presentations, and so on. However less effort has been applied towards understanding the role of eye movements as they relate to visual discomfort when viewing S3D. To study eye movements in the context of S3D viewing discomfort, a Shifted-S3D-Image-Database (SSID) is constructed using 11 original nature scene S3D images and their 6 shifted versions. We conducted eye-tracking experiments on humans viewing S3D images in SSID while simultaneously collecting their judgments of experienced visual discomfort. From the collected eye-tracking data, regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted by kernel density estimation using the fixation data, and an empirical formula fitted between the disparities of salient objects marked by the ROIs and the mean opinion scores (MOS). Finally, eye-tracking data was used to analyze the eye movement characteristics related to S3D image quality. Fifteen eye movement features were extracted, and a visual discomfort predication model learned using a support vector regressor (SVR). By analyzing the correlations between features and MOS, we conclude that angular disparity features have a strong correlation with human judgments of discomfort.     

Evaluation and validation of an automatic jaw movement recorder (RumiWatch) for ingestive and rumination behaviors of dairy cows during grazing and supplementation

Observation of ingestive and rumination behaviors of dairy cows may assist in detecting diseases, controlling reproductive status, and estimating intake. However, direct observation of cows on pasture is time consuming and can be difficult to realize. Consequently, different systems have been developed to automatically record behavioral characteristics; among them is the RumiWatch System (RWS; Itin and Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland). Until now, the RWS has not been thoroughly validated under grazing conditions. The aim of the current study was to validate the RWS, against direct observation, in measuring ingestive and rumination behaviors of dairy cows during grazing and supplementation in the barn. A further objective was to examine whether it is possible to refine the algorithm used by the evaluation software RumiWatch Converter 0.7.3.2 to improve the accuracy of the RWS. The data were collected from an experiment carried out with 18 lactating Holstein cows in a crossover block design including 3 treatments and 3 measuring periods. All cows grazed night and day, 19 h/d, and were either unsupplemented or supplemented, with chopped whole-plant corn silage, or chopped whole-plant corn silage mixed with a protein concentrate. During the measuring periods, cows were equipped with the RumiWatch Halter, and their ingestive and rumination behaviors were recorded concurrently by the RumiWatch Halter and by direct observation (690 × 10 min). Comparison of concurrently measured data shows that the RWS detected jaw movements reliably, but classification errors occurred. A low relative prediction error of ≤0.10 for the number of rumination boluses, rumination chews, and total eating chews was found. A high relative prediction error of >0.10 was found for the number of prehension bites and time spent in prehension and eating. Both converter versions performed equally well in differentiating ingestive and rumination behaviors when cows were supplemented in the barn or when grazing and supplementation activities were combined. For grazing cows, with no supplementation, more reliable results for the total number of eating chews, rumination chews, prehension bites, and time spent in these activities were obtained, by using the RumiWatch Converter 0.7.3.11. In light of these findings, further research is warranted to improve the accuracy of the RWS and to allow a differentiation between mastication chews and prehension bites while eating.     

荔浦市岩质崩塌形成条件及失稳运动特征

通过对荔浦市境内碳酸盐岩区岩质崩塌及该区域地质环境条件的调查,总结了岩质崩塌的规模、发育高度、控制结构面等发育特征,分析了岩质崩塌形成条件,并判断岩质崩塌的失稳运动特征。本文以一处危岩为例,用无人机进行三维扫描并分析其形成原因及预测其失稳运动特征。