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1.
Mohammad Ali Mousavi Mahsa Baghban Salehi 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2021,60(1):47-59
ABSTRACT The hydrophobic polyether sulfone membranes were prepared by the sol-gel method to be applied in an air gap membrane distillation setup for desalination. The surface modifications were carried out using Trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) and Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) solutions. The membranes were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Optical Contact Angle (OCA) methods. The effects of membrane preparation as well as operating conditions such as temperature difference, salt concentration, feed rotation speed, and cold-side temperature on membrane performance were investigated using central composite design method. It was found that feed temperature has the largest effect among the parameters on the permeation flux. The flow rate and salt rejection of the membrane in the optimum conditions were 4.47 Kg m?2 h?1 and 99.37%, respectively. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(13):6596-6605
This work focuses on identifying the rate-determining step of oxygen transport through La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-δ membranes with symmetric and asymmetric architectures. The best oxygen semipermeation fluxes are 3.4 10−3 mol. m-2.s-1 and 6.3 10−3 mol. m-2.s-1 at 900 °C for the symmetric membrane and asymmetric membrane with a modified surface. The asymmetric membrane with a modified surface leads to an increase of approximately 7 times the oxygen flux compared to that obtained with the La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-δ dense membrane without surface modification. This work also shows that the oxygen flux is mainly governed by gaseous oxygen diffusion through the porous support of asymmetric La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-δ membranes. 相似文献
3.
Yu-Xuan Li Ping Li Yu-Zhe Wu Zhen-Liang Xu Ming-Ling Huang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(2):2180-2186
A novel TiO2 thin film was prepared on the ceramic hollow fiber by the sol-gel method using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as additives. SEM images verified the formation of TiO2 layer with various thickness using different composition of titania sols. The effect of the PVP and PVA contents on the TiO2 sol properties, the separation and the antifouling performance of the ultrafiltration membranes were investigated thoroughly. When the contents of PVP and PVA were 1.0 wt% and 0.8 wt%, respectively, the resultant membrane showed a thickness of 0.55 μm with a pure water flux of 255 L m?2 h?1. In addition, the adherent foulant bovine serum albumin was applied to evaluate the antifouling performance. During the three fouling-recovery cycles, the flux recovery ratio and the flux decay ratio maintained about 99% and 30%. The BSA flux and rejection were still 169 L m?2 h?1 and 96.9% after the cycles, indicating a superior antifouling property. 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(26):13101-13111
Voltage reversal induced by hydrogen starvation can severely corrode the anode catalyst support and deteriorate the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. A material-based strategy is the inclusion of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst (e.g., IrO2) in the anode to promote water electrolysis over harmful carbon corrosion. In this work, an Ir-Pt/C composite catalyst with high metal loading is prepared. The membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) with 80 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C shows a first reversal time (FRT) of up to 20 hours, which is about ten times that of MEA with 50 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C does. Furthermore, the MEA with 80 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C exhibits a minimum cell voltage loss of 6 mV@1 A/cm2 when the FRT is terminated in 2 hours, in which the MEA with 50 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C exhibits a voltage loss of 105 mV@1 A/cm2. Further physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the destruction of anode catalyst layer caused by the voltage reversal process is alleviated by the use of the composite catalyst with high metal loading. Hence, our results reveal that the combination of OER catalyst on the Pt/C with high metal loading is a promising approach to alleviate the degradation of anode catalyst layer during the voltage reversal process for PEMFCs. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(14):8943-8955
In this research, a technical, economic and environmental analysis has been proposed to a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system-based hybrid system including biomass, gas turbine, and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer. A multi-objective optimization technique has been utilized to improve the overall product cost and the exergy effectiveness based on a developed version of Aquila Optimizer (DAO). The main idea of using the developed version is to improve the accuracy and the precision of the original Aquila optimizer. The system is then authenticated in terms of energy/exergy effectiveness, and energy-economic efficiency. The achievements indicate that employing the optimization algorithm for different configurations provided satisfying results for the system. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(99):41920-41931
A polymer electrolyte membrane is considered as the heart of fuel cells. Here we report the preparation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend poly (methyl methacrylate)-co-poly (sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PMMA-co-PSSNa) by solvent evaporation method. Three different types of PEMs have been prepared by using different ratios of PVDF and PMMA-co-PSSNa copolymer. We have investigated the effect of concentration of PVDF on water uptake, ion exchange capacity, mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stability, proton conductivity (Km), and methanol permeability (PM) of the blend membranes. These blend PEMs showed good physicochemical and electrochemical properties along with thermal and oxidative stability. The membrane prepared from PVDF (45% w/w) to PMMA-co-PSSNa (55% w/w) exhibited optimum PM at room temperature (8.38 × 10?7 cm2s?1). This low fuel crossover and high relative selectivity can make our prepared blend membranes a potential candidate in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) or direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(36):16165-16178
This study deals with the manufacturing of catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) for newcomers in the field of coating. Although there are many studies on electrode ink composition for improving the performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), there are few papers dealing with electrode coating itself. Usually, it is a know-how that often remains secret and constitutes the added value of scientific teams or the business of industrialists. In this paper, we identify and clarify the role of key parameters to improve coating quality and also to correlate coating quality with fuel cell performance via polarization curves and electrochemical active surface area measurements. We found that the coating configurations can affect the performance of lab-made CCMs in PEMFCs. After the repeatability of the performance obtained by our coating method has been proved, we show that: (i) edge effects, due to mask shadowing - cannot be neglected when the active surface area is low, (ii) a heterogeneous thickness electrode produces performance lower than a homogeneous thickness electrode, and (iii) the origin and storage of platinum on carbon powders are a very important source of variability in the obtained results. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(42):18496-18503
Methanol crossover is one of the main challenges for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Depositing a metal barrier on Nafion can reduce the crossover but usually faces the metal cracking issues. This study presents a new composite membrane in which an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate is impregnated with a Nafion solution and then coated with a layer of Au. The AAO/Nafion/Au composite membrane shows an ideal metal crack-free surface. Higher and more stable voltage has been achieved for the cell with the membrane, indicating an effectively suppressed methanol-crossover. Results reveal that there is a tradeoff between suppressing the methanol crossover and increasing the ion transmission. By optimizing the membrane, it can not only suppress the methanol crossover but also enhance the output performance of DMFCs. The current density and power density of the cells can be enhanced by 59% and 52.85%, respectively, compared to the cell with a commercial Nafion 117. Overall, this work provides a new approach to designing crack-free membranes for DMFCs. 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(49):21033-21043
Magnetron sputtered low-loading iridium-ruthenium thin films are investigated as catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at the anode of the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. Electrochemical performance of 50 nm thin catalysts (Ir pure, Ir–Ru 1:1, Ir–Ru 1:3, Ru pure) is tested in a Rotating Disk Electrode. Corresponding Tafel slopes are measured before and after the CV-based procedure to compare the activity and stability of prepared compounds. Calculated activities prior to the procedure confirm higher activity of ruthenium-containing catalysts (Ru pure > Ir–Ru 1:3 > Ir–Ru 1:1 > Ir pure). However, after the procedure a higher activity and less degradation of Ir–Ru 1:3 is observed, compared to Ir–Ru 1:1, i.e. the sample with a higher amount of unstable ruthenium performs better. This contradicts the expected behavior of the catalyst. The comprehensive chemical and structural analysis unravels that the stability of Ir–Ru 1:3 sample is connected to RuO2 chemical state and hcp structure. Obtained results are confirmed by measuring current densities in a single cell. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(54):22981-22992
In this study, a three-dimensional model was established using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to study the internal ice melting process of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The single-point second-order curved boundary condition was adopted. The effects of GDL carbon fiber number, growth slope of the number of carbon fibers and carbon fiber diameter on ice melting were studied. The results were revealed that the temperature in the middle and lower part of the gradient distribution GDL is significantly higher than that of the no-gradient GDL. With the increase of the growth slope of the number of carbon fiber, the temperature and melting rate gradually increase, and the position of the solid-liquid interface gradually decreases. The decrease in the number of carbon fibers has a similar effect as the increase in the growth slope of the number of carbon fibers. In addition, as the diameter of the carbon fiber increases, the position of the solid-liquid interface gradually decreases first and then increases. 相似文献