Magnetic Properties of Uranium Carbides after Neutron Irradiation

Fundamental investigations on valence control and solvent extraction of americium were carried out to develop a method for americium separation from reprocessing solution. In order to adjust americium valency from III to IV and VI, (NH₄)₁₀P₂W ₁₇O₆₁ synthesized was used as complexant stabilizing Am(IV). Oxidation behavior of americium was investigated as a function of (NH₄)₁₀P₂W ₁₇O₆₁ americium ratio. Using 0.1M (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and 0.01M AgNO₃ as oxidation reagent, Am(IV) was obtained quantitatively at the ratio of 15. On decreasing the ratio to 0.6, 92% of americium was adjusted to Am(VI). The concentration of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ could be reduced to 1/15 compared to the previously reported method in which no complexant was used. Americium(IV) was also prepared by reacting O₃ and AgNO₃ but no Am(VI) was obtained even at low (NH₄)₁₀P₂W ₁₇O₆₁ to americium ratio.

Americium(VI) could be extracted by tri-n-butyl phosphate stably without influence of (NH₄)₁₀P₂W ₁₇O₆₁. The distribution coefficient of Am(VI) was 4 between 100% tri-n-butyl phosphate and 1 M nitric acid, and separation factor from Nd(III) was 50.

With regard to the americium separation method which implemented valence control followed by extraction, adding (NH₄)₁₀P₂W ₁₇O₆₁ led to minimization of waste volume and improvement of extraction efficiency.     

Application of electrophoretic deposition for inner surface coating of porous ceramic tubes

The direct coating of a nano-porous alumina layer on the inner surface of micro-porous alumina tubes was performed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). A thin layer of polypyrrole (Ppy) was synthesized on the inside wall of the porous tubes by the chemical polymerization of pyrrole (Py) to give the wall electric conduction for the EPD electrode. The bimodal suspension of alumina powders with 0.6 μm and 30 nm average particle sizes was selected to control the nano-porous structure. The thickness of the coating layer was controlled by altering the applied voltage and deposition time. The interfacial connection of the coated layer and the substrate was observed by SEM before and after sintering. The pore size of the coated layer was characterized by its pore size distribution.     

外加电流阴极保护强化ACF激活PDS降解水中卡马西平

卡马西平是一种典型的持久性的有机药物污染物,采用一种新的外加电流阴极保护强化活性炭纤维(ACF)激活过硫酸盐(PDS)的高级氧化方法,实现对水中卡马西平的高效降解.考察该体系对比活性炭纤维激发过硫酸盐体系、阴极保护活性炭纤维电解体系、过硫酸盐体系、活性炭纤维吸附体系、电解体系等不同工艺对卡马西平的降解率,探究过硫酸盐初始浓度、电压、初始pH等因素对体系的影响,并通过活性炭纤维性质测定和自由基捕获探究其降解机制.结果显示,外加电流阴极保护增强活性炭纤维(ACF)激活过硫酸盐(PDS)体系对水中卡马西平的氧化降解率远高于其他5种处理工艺.在外加电流阴极保护强化活性炭纤维(ACF)激活过硫酸盐(PDS)体系中,过高的过硫酸盐浓度反而不利于卡马西平的降解,在一定条件下存在一个适宜的过硫酸盐浓度范围;电压的提高和初始pH为酸性(pH=3)更有利于对卡马西平的氧化降解.此外,该体系中活性炭纤维受到阴极电场保护,使用寿命大大延长.硫酸根自由基在体系去除卡马西平过程中起主导作用.     

Solvent Extraction of Americium(VI) by Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate

Solvent extraction of Am(VI) by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) from nitric acid solutions was investigated to develop a novel method for partitioning americium from high level liquid waste generated through spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Am(VI) was prepared using ammonium peroxodisulfate and silver nitrate. The distribution coefficients of Am(VI) were determined for extraction systems of various concentrations of nitric acid and TBP. Sufficiently stable Am(VI) could be extracted and the extraction reaction of Am(VI) was found to be the same as for other hexavalent actinides. The apparent equilibrium constant varied with the concentration of peroxodisulfate used for the valence control, which was ascribed to the competitive reaction of the extraction of Am(VI) and the complex formation of Am(VI) with sulfate ion produced by the decomposition of peroxodisulfate. A distribution coefficient of Am(VI) above 1 was obtained with undiluted TBP and the separation factor between Am(VI) and Nd(III) was 87±9. TBP extraction of Am(VI), after implementing valence control, was proved to be an effective method for the partitioning of americium from fission products such as rare earth elements.     

过二硫酸铵氧化制备柔性石墨

以过二硫酸按为主氧化剂，三氯化铁为插入剂，可制得膨胀比容积为２４５ｍＬ·ｇ－１有工业利用价值的柔性石墨．该法不产生有害的ＮＯｘ气体，环境污染小．     

Simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water using peroxodisulfate oxidation

A method by which the TN and TP in water samples can be determined simultaneously employing peroxodisulfate oxidation was developed.

A solution of 0.074 mol 1⁻¹K₂S₂O₈–0.075 mol 1⁻¹ NaOH was adopted for the oxidizer, which made it possible to carry out alkaline peroxodisulfate oxidation for TN and acid peroxodisulfate oxidation for TP in turn during a single autoclaving. The pH values changed from 12.57 to approx. 2.0 and the period of alkalinity was estimated at 1.42 min at 120°C. The products of oxidation were nitrates and orthophosphates and both were measured simultaneously by an AutoAnalyzer. Good recoveries of both nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were obtained. The method was excellent in terms of its simplicity, speed and efficiency in handling large numbers of samples.