对海水进行混凝除浊预处理研究

介绍采用聚合氯化铁（PFC）为絮凝剂，对海水进行混凝除浊预处理方法。考察了原海水pH、搅拌速度、反应时间及PFC用量对海水预处理效果的影响。结果表明，在原海水pH凋至9．0，搅拌速度控制在200min^-1，反应时间选择8—10min，PFC用量0．10μg／g的最佳条件下，能使处理后的海水浊度降至0．05mol／L，而联产的酸性废水中和剂浆料中Mg（OH）2含量在25％～45％，大肠菌群的去除率大于89．3％。     

Addition of pectolytic enzymes: an enological practice which improves the chromaticity and stability of red wines

Summary The effect of the addition of four commercial pectolytic preparations on the visual characteristics (colour and turbidity) of red wines has been evaluated. The effect of both clarifying and colour extracting enzymes and the effect of different doses used, were evaluated and compared. All the red wines treated enzymatically, independent of the type of enzyme and dose, present chromatic characteristics which can be considered better than those of the control wines. Also, those wines treated with enzymes had greater stability during 2 years storage in bottles, in particular the turbidity was better than untreated wines.     

HACCP体系用于给水处理厂浊度控制的研究

介绍了危害分析和关键控制点（HACCP）体系的基本原理及其在城市给水系统中的应用进展，并以我国南方某城市的给水处理厂为例，对HACCP体系用于水厂浊度控制开展了探索性研究。应用故障树分析技术识别了水厂中可能导致浊度超标的潜在危害，应用决策树分析技术确定了水厂浊度控制的关键控制点，建立了关键控制点和质量控制点的关键限值、监控系统以及纠偏措施，并分析了对验证程序以及文件和记录保存系统的要求。     

Treatment of low turbidity water by sweep coagulation using bentonite

A novel strategy of sweep coagulation to treat low turbidity water is presented herein. Study findings demonstrated that an Na⁺‐saturated bentonite with medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) resulted in significant turbidity removal at a bentonite dosage of 30 mg dm^?3. Bentonite dispersion with fully delaminated platelets tended to undergo a more porous type of coagulation with intense face‐to‐face interactions of platelets and effectively entrapped TiO₂ particles in band‐type structures. This type of coagulation usually results in a large volume of settled flocs with a fluffy structure and excellent turbidity removal efficiency for sweep coagulation. The sign and magnitude of electrical charge on TiO₂ particles has a minor effect on the efficiency of sweep coagulation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mapping Turbidity, Surface Temperature and Water Circulation Patterns with the Aid of Satellite Imagery

Water turbidity, surface temperature and circulation of Barton and Wroxham Broads, two of the Norfolk Broads, were studied using one reflective (TM1) and the thermal (TM6) TM band. The results indicated that the through-flowing path of the River Ant in Barton Broad is the major influence on the distribution of these parameters. In Wroxham Broad, both turbidity and surface temperature displayed a uniform distribution. This could be explained by the absence of a predominant direction of flow.     

The emulsifying properties of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Cordia abyssinica

Polysaccharide was isolated from Cordia abyssinica and its effect, at differing concentrations, on its emulsifying ability was determined. Emulsions of vegetable oil containing up to 1% of the polysaccharide in phosphate pH 7.4 buffer, were prepared by using a hand piston homogenizer. Emulsification was assessed by diluting samples of the emulsions in sodium dodecyl sulphate and measuring absorbance at 500 nm. Addition of increasing concentrations of the polysaccharide up to 1% enhanced emulsification and emulsion stability. Above 1% concentration the polysaccharide solutions were too viscous for making emulsions conveniently. At a constant concentration of the polysaccharide, addition of up to a 1% concentration of salt enhanced emulsion formation. Further addition of salt above 1% resulted in no further changes in emulsifying ability, but the stability of the emulsions formed decreased on increasing the concentration of salt above 1%. The effect of pH on emulsifying ability was investigated by preparing emulsions using buffers of different pH, from pH 3 to pH 13. The polysaccharide had poor emulsifying ability below pH 7. Emulsifying ability increased with pH between pH 7 and 11. At pH above 11 there was a decrease in emulsifying ability.     

散射式浊度测量仪

浊度是一项评定水质的重要技术指标。如何提高测量浊度的精度是国内外一直在研究的问题之一。文章介绍了作者在散射式浊度测量仪设计过程中，为提高浊度的测量精度和稳定性所做的工作。在测量仪的部件（光学系统，电路系统等）设计中，采取了许多特殊方法，使浊度测量的各项精度指标都得到了较大的提高。     

不同浊度下的泥沙对水体镉、铅、砷去除的影响分析

针对流域突发性重金属污染,不同浊度下的泥沙对重金属有一定的去除效果。以浊度为指示指标,通过试验研究了常温(25 ℃)和低温(5 ℃)条件下浊度50～650 NTU(Nephelometric Turbidity Unit)范围内泥沙对重金属镉、铅、砷吸附去除的影响。试验结果表明:泥沙对重金属镉、铅、砷的去除效果为铅＞镉＞砷,其中铅的去除率达到99%。浊度与能处理达标的最高重金属浓度呈线性关系,常温下浊度与能处理达标的最高镉、铅、砷浓度关系曲线的相关系数分别为0.996、0.998、0.999,低温下其相关系数分别为0.999、0.996、0.998。常温较低温更利于泥沙对重金属镉、铅、砷的去除,能去除更高浓度的重金属,达到生活饮用水卫生标准。     

基于国产卫星多光谱影像的河流水体浊度遥感联合反演研究

基于集合建模思想,在水体光谱特征分析与敏感波段选择基础上,集成多种遥感反演模型优势,构建了河流水体浊度多光谱遥感联合反演模型(Combined Model-BP,CM-BP)。选择汉江中下游典型河段为研究区,利用2012—2013年原位观测数据,以具有较高时间分辨率和空间分辨率的国产卫星数据作为多光谱遥感数据源,测试评估了CM-BP浊度遥感反演模型适用性,并与传统波段组合模型进行精度比较,基于反演结果分析了研究区浊度时空分布特征。结果表明:基于集合建模思想构建的CM-BP模型的反演精度、适应性及稳定性均高于波段组合模型;从光谱分辨率、时空分辨率等角度考虑,环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座系统、高分一号卫星、资源三号等国产卫星多光谱遥感数据是河流水体水质反演优选数据源;国产卫星遥感数据可以满足河流水体水质高精度、实时性与大尺度等遥感反演需要,为河流水环境监测研究提供数据基础。     

700nm浊度补偿在总氮水质自动分析仪中的应用

针对总氮水质分析仪测定浑浊水体出现吸光度偏低,甚至出现吸光度负值的问题,通过增加一路700 nm光路比色系统来进行浊度补偿,解决了总氮标液随浊度升高,测定结果不断降低的问题。实际水样试验室比对结果示值误差保持在±10%以内,加标回收率满足90%~110%。