不同降雨入渗条件下预应力锚索加固边坡稳定性分析

为了研究不同降雨条件下边坡安全系数及预应力锚索轴力变化规律,以省道S303沿线某边坡为研究对象,考虑土体饱和-非饱和渗流与非饱和强度理论,基于有限元分析,对不同降雨工况下的孔隙水压分布、锚索轴力及采用强度折减法计算的边坡安全系数变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: 降雨量一定时,降雨入渗范围随雨强增大而减小,暂态饱和区域随雨强增加而增大; 边坡在加固前后的安全系数均随降雨量增加而不断减小,采用预应力锚索加固能有效提高边坡安全系数,并减小降雨对边坡稳定性的影响; 随着降雨量增加,各锚索轴力均增大,当降雨量一定时,雨强越小,对应的锚索轴力提升幅度越大,靠近底部的锚索轴力对降雨最为敏感。     

高路堤预应力锚索桩板墙承载特性分析

以昆明—曼谷国际公路k70路堤加固工程为背景,采用原位测试方法,完成了不同工况下预应力锚索桩板墙承载特性的现场试验。通过观测结构位移、土压力、桩身内力以及锚索预应力等,系统分析了预应力锚索桩板墙的受力特性与力学行为。锚索桩板墙对高路堤的加固效果显著,填筑初期结构位移随填土高度线性增加,锚索施工后增速有所减缓;初始填筑阶段,抗滑桩变形以刚性倾斜为主,随着锚索张拉和桩后填土不断增高桩身产生了较为明显的弯曲变形。作用在抗滑桩后的土压力大致呈三角形分布,板后土压力大致呈抛物线型分布;相同埋深条件下作用在抗滑桩上的土压力明显大于挡板,原因在于相邻抗滑桩间产生了明显的土拱效应,下部相邻抗滑桩间的土拱效应更强;与解析解的对比结果表明,实测最大桩后土压力与滑坡推力接近,远小于被动土压力;实测板后土压力与主动土压力接近,工程设计中可选取Rankine主动土压力作为挡板的设计荷载,在不利位置采取增大板厚等措施避免挡板发生破坏。采用弹性弯曲梁理论对锚索桩板墙内力计算的结果与实测结果基本一致。张拉锁定初期锚索预应力损失较大,约为设计荷载的10%,后期锚索预应力逐渐趋于稳定,锚索预应力长期损失约为设计荷载值的12%~15%。     

预应力全索系整体张拉结构设计研究

预应力全索系整体张拉结构是具有“内部没有压杆的全索系拉杆海洋”特点的结构体系,该结构体系结构稳定承载力和变形性能是工程设计的关键。为研究全索系整体张拉结构的弹塑性发展规律,进行了基于材料非线性和几何非线性的结构承载全过程分析,得到典型单元荷载-应力、关键节点荷载-竖向位移全过程曲线。分析结果表明：建议全索系整体张拉结构索构件在弹性阶段的应力比应小于0.40,内环索竖向变形应小于悬挑跨度的1/40~1/50。全索系整体张拉结构的屈服荷载系数及延性性能高于有钢压杆的预应力钢结构体系;增大预应力度是改善谷索排雪水功能的有效措施之一。     

U形预应力钢板箍加固T形截面钢筋混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究

为改进T形截面钢筋混凝土(RC)梁的受剪加固工艺,提出了一种采用U形预应力钢板箍对T形截面RC梁进行受剪加固的技术。采用简支梁跨中集中力加载的方法,完成了1个足尺未加固RC梁和5个足尺加固RC梁的单调静载试验,研究U形钢板箍间距和预应力水平对加固RC梁受剪性能的影响。通过试验得到了试件的损伤发展过程、破坏形态、荷载-变形曲线以及钢板箍、钢筋和混凝土的应变曲线。研究表明：采用U形预应力钢板箍可有效提高既有T形截面RC梁的斜截面受剪承载力,试件受剪承载力随钢板箍间距的减小而提高,最大提高幅度可达46.1%。当钢板箍间距小于400mm时,加密钢板箍对试件受剪承载力的提高作用逐渐减弱。钢板箍预应力水平在0.35以上时,进一步提高预应力水平对试件受剪承载力无明显影响。提出了U形预应力钢板箍加固T形截面RC梁受剪承载力的计算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,可为既有T形截面RC梁的加固设计提供参考。     

Optimum design for unbonded posttensioned precast split shear wall system using genetic algorithm

Precast concrete structures are increasingly being adopted by building designers in regions of high seismicity. An unbonded posttensioned (PT) precast split shear wall system (UPPSSW) was proposed by the Precast Seismic Structural Systems (PRESSS). The UPPSSW system is composed of two or more single precast concrete wall panels that are connected together with energy‐dissipating shear connectors and anchored to the foundation with unbonded PT tendons located at the panel center. In this paper, an optimum design program has been developed for designing this system. The objective of the optimum process is to find the optimum combination between PT tendons and shear connectors while keeping the moment capacity of the wall equal to the applied design moment and achieving zero residual drift simultaneously. In addition, MATLAB was employed to explore an optimization program using genetic algorithm. Compared with the existing design methods for the system, the optimum design program proposed in this research is accurate, efficient, and direct. Moreover, it can yield the optimum design automatically and quickly. As a result, the existing lengthy and manual design process of trial and error for the system can be avoided.     

Seismic response of self‐centering precast concrete frames with hysteretic dampers

With the rapid development of cities and the invasion of major natural disasters such as earthquakes, the resilience city as a new design concept has been paid more and more attention. As an important branch of self‐centering seismic resisting system, self‐centering concrete frame system has been studied by many scholars. These studies prove that self‐centering concrete frame structure has excellent self‐centering ability but poor energy dissipation capacity. Adhering to the working principle of self‐centering structure and considering the development concepts of building industrialization and modularization, this paper proposed a kind of self‐centering precast concrete frame with hysteretic damper (SCPCHD). In order to verify its energy dissipation capacity and seismic performance, elaborate finite element models were established and elastoplastic dynamic time history analyses were carried out. The results showed that the SCPCHD frame has a similar interstory displacement response to the reinforced concrete (RC) frame and the energy dissipation performance of its joint is obviously superior to the RC frame under rare earthquake because the SCPCHD frame has low damage characteristics and excellent damping device. In summary, this paper proves the feasibility and superiority of the SCPCHD frame, providing reliable support for further research.     

40m跨预应力混凝土箱梁临时存梁横移施工

从台座及卷扬机布设、钢板滑船制作、箱梁固定、横移、卸落等方面阐述了预应力混凝土箱梁临时存梁横移的施工方法及要点 ,指出此方法投入少 ,成本低 ,施工方便快捷 ,效果良好     

预应力新技术在翠林大桥中的应用

翠林大桥为福建省厦漳高速公路上的重要桥梁，同时跨越翠林河和漳龙公路。桥型为五孔连续预应力混凝土箱梁桥，桥梁全长为２３５．４０ｍ，桥面全宽为２６．０ｍ，按汽车－超２０级、挂车－１２０荷载标准设计。本文着重介绍翠林大桥设计中国内首次应用的全断面同步张拉施工法、新型ＣＤＭ大吨位镦头锚体系，以及大直径（φ２２００ｍｍ）预应力混凝土空心管桩基础等新技术。     

铁路预应力混凝土技术研究及开发的回顾

本文概述铁道部科学研究院40多年来对预应力混凝土技术的研究及开发情况,如基本参数研究、新材料和新结构的试验和应用、新型桥梁支座的研制等.还论及对现有桥梁的评估和加固方法.文末对铁路预应力混凝土桥梁的近期发展作了介绍.