Acoustic damping flexible polyurethane foams: Effect of isocyanate index and water content on the soundproofing

High-efficiency sound absorbing flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) are manufactured using nonpolar polyester resin, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, and other reagents by one-shot bulk polymerization. In this study, the impact of the isocyanate index (90, 100, and 110) and water content (2.5 and 5%) on the microphase separation and soundproofing behavior of FPUFs are examined using atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscope, and an impedance tube device. The results reveal that the increase of the isocyanate index and water content leads to the increase of the cell size, cell size distribution, open-cell content, cell wall roughness, and microphase separation. Also, maximum sound absorption coefficient (α) reaches to 0.98 and the average of α in the frequency range of 1500–4000 Hz increases from 0.7 to 0.87 by increasing the water content from 2.5 to 5% and isocyanate index from 90 to 110; therefore, acoustic damping performance enhances up to 26.24% due to the synergic effects of microphase separation on the viscose media formation, open-cell content, cell wall roughness, cell size, and cell size distribution. In conclusion, FPUFs with an optimal amount of microphase separation and drainage flow can be a promising candidate for sound insulating materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47363.     

某汽车总装车间厂房的建筑消防设计

本文结合国外同类密闭厂房的设计经验，较为全面地介绍了８万ｍ２总装车间厂房的建筑消防设计。     

Cascaded Multilevel Inverters Using Proposed Series Sub-multilevel Basic Blocks with Reduced Switching Devices

In this paper, a novel configuration of the cascaded multilevel inverters using series connection of new sub-multilevel basic blocks is presented. The basic structure of the proposed sub-multilevel inverter is made of three isolated batteries and eight unidirectional power switches. Hereby, by changing the polarity of one of such batteries and two power switches, two different modules of sub-multilevel inverters can be extracted that each of them is able to be incorporated into two different cascaded structures as the series basic blocks. Contemporary, to determine the suitable magnitudes of the integrated batteries, two different algorithms for each topology along with their relevant mathematical analysis have been also given. In this study, a complete comparison between the proposed topologies and several recently presented structures has been conducted. The compiled comparisons can prove the fact that both the proposed cascaded inverters are capable of generating a higher number of output voltage levels with less number of switching counts. Other advantages of these structures are reduction of voltage sources numbers, DC sources variety, value of total blocking voltage, and also conducting losses. In order to demonstrate the correct operation of the proposed structures and presented algorithms, some experimental results will be also shown.     

隧道排水系统非对称堵塞对衬砌外水压力的影响

基于目前未见对隧道排水系统非对称堵塞后的衬砌外水压力的变化规律的研究,以重庆中梁山某隧道为研究背景,建立了隧道及其排水系统的简化模型,通过模拟不同长度的排水系统非对称堵塞,研究了隧道衬砌结构受到的水压力的变化规律,并且在隧道工程中进行了现场模拟排水系统堵塞的试验,试验结果与数值模拟可相互印证。研究结果表明:(1) 隧道排水系统单侧堵塞后,堵塞侧二次衬砌背后的水压力在短时间内将上升,然后逐渐下降至稳定,但高于排水系统正常时的水压;(2) 隧道排水系统非对称堵塞长度不断增加时,堵塞侧二次衬砌背后受到的外水压力峰值和稳定值也不断增加;(3) 隧道排水系统非对称堵塞长度不断增加时,注浆加固圈承受的最大水压力绝对值不断在增加,但注浆加固圈分担水压力的能力将逐渐减小。     

硅烷封端聚氨酯的制备及其应用研究进展

综述了近年来硅烷封端聚氨酯（SPU）的制备和应用研究进展。介绍了SPU的两种主要制备途径,并详述了SPU制备过程中主要原料的选择、SPU的固化机理、SPU的特性以及SPU在密封胶、粘接剂、热熔胶、涂料等方面的应用。     

Promising approaches to improve the performances of hybrid non‐isocyanate polyurethane

The performances of hybrid non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) materials were improved by using promising approaches. For the ring‐opening reaction of cyclic carbonate with excess amine, methanol was selected as solvent to increase the molar mass of NH₂‐terminated NIPU pre‐polymer but also caused the formation of urea as a result of eliminating hydrogen bonding between NIPU chains. Meanwhile, another approach was carried out to reduce the content of urea by altering the introduction mode of reactants, along with further increasing the molar mass of the NIPU pre‐polymer. The final hybrid materials were prepared by adding bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether into the pre‐polymer. The results indicated that the introduction of methanol and the change of the introduction mode of reactants could improve the performance of the hybrid materials. The hybrid material derived from the forward method has optimal performance with a tensile strength of 10.8 MPa, elongation at break of 167%, a glass transition temperature of 49.1 °C and a crosslinking density of 450 mol m^?3 as well as presentable thermodynamic stability, ascribed to the high molar mass of the NIPU pre‐polymer, the low urea content and the dense crosslinking network. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

溶剂对聚氨酯预聚体中异氰酸根含量测定的影响

采用丙酮溶解预聚体,甲苯-二正丁胺为反应体系,考察不同溶剂及反应时间对聚氨酯预聚体中异氰酸酯含量测定的影响,同时考察了溶剂用量对测定结果的影响。结果表明,丙酮为溶剂,甲苯-二正丁胺与异氰酸根反应,结果准确度在国家标准允许范围内,测定异氰酸根含量结果与理论值基本一致。     

A Primary Method for the Determination of Hydroxyl Value of Polyols by Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

A primary Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method was developed to determine the hydroxyl value (OHV) of polyols produced from edible oils. The method is a modification of American Society for Testing and Materials 1899‐08, using toluene as the solvent to dissolve the sample and to carry the reactive reagent p‐toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (TSI). TSI reacts with OH groups to produce a carbamate, a functional group that can be measured spectrally between ~1780 and 1690 cm^?1 in the differential spectrum that is obtained from spectra collected before and after the reaction. Commercially available 1‐nonanol, which has a defined OHV, is used to develop a calibration. The OHV for a variety of 1° and 2° alcohols, as well as petrochemical and lipid‐based polyols, were then measured to evaluate the performance of the method and to assess the effects of moisture on the results. The FTIR OHV were in accord with the results obtained by AOCS method Cd 13‐60 and were demonstrated to be unaffected by the presence of moisture in the sample. The new TSI‐FTIR method is simpler, much faster (~10 min), and more reproducible and accurate than the AOCS OHV titrimetric methods and is not affected by carboxylic acids, amines or moisture.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of eucalyptus fiber composites bonding by blocked polyurethane adhesive

In this work, composites from eucalyptus fiber (EF) and polyurethane emulsion (PU) were prepared. Ethyl cellosolve-blocked polyisocyanate (EC-bp) was used as a novel adhesive and the mechanical and water absorption properties of the prepared composites were analyzed. The results showed that the tensile, flexural, and water resistance properties of the composites modified by such adhesive were enhanced compared with those of unmodified ones. Effects of EC-bp on the thermal degradation and the morphology of the composites were also investigated and compared. The presence of modification on the surface of EC-bp treated EF/PU composites was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from the appearance of CO bands absorbance and the reducing of relative intensity of OH. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) resulted that the thermal stability of the modified composites was improved. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to observe the morphology and evaluate the interfacial adhesion of the composites. The results showed that much better homogeneity morphology of the modified composites was achieved, which indicated that the prepared EC-bp as an adhesive could improve the interfacial adhesion. These findings appeared that the occurrence of strong bonds between the composite components in the presence of EC-bp, rather than the unique existence of Van der Waals interactions among the nonpolar structures or the hydrogen bonding interaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

介电弹性体摆动驱动器的分析与实现

根据介电弹性体摆动驱动器的工作原理,设计了摆动驱动器.通过对比试验得到性能较佳的摆动驱动器,该摆动驱动器的研究可为仿生机器人的驱动实现提供一种可能的解决方案.