基于单光子计数激光雷达的Bayesian检测研究

在单光子计数激光雷达检测领域,目前的检测方法在低信噪比情况下虚警概率会增加,同时也无法适应噪声变化的问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于Bayesian的检测方法,该方法首先通过雷达方程估计回波信号光子数的范围,将其作为先验信息,而后结合二项分布建立了累计概率模型,基于Bayesian判决准则计算得到检测阈值,此阈值能够在检测概率与虚警概率中间择其平衡。这种方法不仅克服了低信噪比检测困难的情况,还减少了先验信息的获取难度。实验结果表明,对比固定阈值其虚警概率降低了10倍。对比“恒虚警”其检测概率提高了约20。验证了方法具有良好的检测效果,具备一定的可操作性。     

碳中和背景下配电网差异化节能降耗潜力评估分

为了提高配电网差异化节能降耗效果，解决现有潜力评估方法存在的应用性能差的问题，提出碳中和背景下配电网差异化节能降耗潜力优化评估方法。根据配电网的空间结构，构建相应的等值电路模型。在该模型下，从设备损耗和运行附加损耗2个方面计算配电网的损耗量。根据损耗量计算结果，确定配电网差异化碳中和节能降耗方式。从静态和动态2个角度设置潜力评估指标，通过指标数据处理、指标权重求解等步骤，得出配电网差异化节能降耗潜力的综合量化评估结果。将设计潜力评估方法应用到配电网的差异化节能降耗改造工作中，能够有效降低配电网的实际线损量、降低区域损耗费用，并具有较高的应用价值。     

Combining a new baseboard radiator with a fan coil system for improving heating performance and reduce energy consumption

In the present work, the heating performance of a new system combined with a new modified baseboard radiator and fan coil is investigated. Using longitudinal fins with special geometry and also forced airflow at the end of the system causes that at the lower inlet water temperature compared with the conventional models, higher heat output rate be obtained. The heat output rate of the new modified system is obtained by experimental metrology based on the European Standard No. EN-442. Temperature and velocity distribution in the room space is done by simulation of the modified system in the Flovent software. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are validated against experimental results and there is a good agreement between them. Also, the energy consumption of the system during the winter season is calculated in TRANSYS software. Experimental results show that the heat output rate of a new modified heating system with inlet water temperature in the range of 45–55°C is on average 4.17 times higher compared with the conventional model. CFD simulation also showed that the combined system provides good thermal comfort conditions. Energy consumption of the new system reduced about 13% compared with conventional models.     

高面板坝全寿命周期变形控制方法及应用

高面板坝的变形对面板的安全运行有着特别重要的影响，国内外已建的高面板坝工程中，因坝体变形大导致防渗面板挤压破损，坝体渗漏量大的实例较多，不得不降低水库水位进行修复处理，造成较大的经济损失乃至给大坝的长期运行留下安全隐患。通过发生挤压破损的实例分析，发现变形控制缺乏系统性是发生面板挤压破损的主要因素，为预防面板破损，系统提出了“控制坝体总变形，转化有害变形，适应纵向变形”的坝体变形控制方法，并在使用软硬岩混合料筑坝的董箐面板堆石坝中得到的应用，取得了良好效果，该工程运行至今达十余年，未见面板有挤压破损迹象，该方法对建设200 m以上乃至300 m级超高面板坝具有重要借鉴意义。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中依克多因的含量

建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中依克多因的分析方法,采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm）分离,以甲醇和p H为3.0的40 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-10 mmol/L 1-庚烷磺酸钠缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.8 m L/min,柱温30℃,检测波长210 nm。采用外标法定量测定化妆品中的依克多因含量。结果表明,依克多因在5～800 mg/L的质量浓度范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 8,方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.3和1.0 mg/L。该方法具有分离效率高、分析时间短、节省溶剂等优点,解决了依克多因在C₁₈色谱柱上保留弱的问题。     

Automated prediction system of household energy consumption in cities using web crawler and optimized artificial intelligence

The supply of electrical energy is critical to convenient and comfortable living. However, people consume a large amount of energy, contributing to an energy crisis and global warming, and damaging some ecological cycles. Residential electricity consumption has greater elasticity than industrial and business consumption; it therefore has high energy-saving potential. This work establishes an automated platform, which provides information about residential electricity consumption in each city in Taiwan. Machine learning was used to forecast future residential electricity demand. A nature-inspired optimization method was applied to enhance the accuracy of the best machine learner, yielding an even better hybrid ensemble model. Performance measures indicate that the resulting model is accurate and provides effective information for reference. An automatic web-based system based on the model was combined with a web crawler and scheduled to run automatically to provide information on monthly residential electricity consumption in each county and city. By providing energy consumption information across the country, power providers and government can discuss policy and set different goals for energy use. The results of this study can facilitate the early implementation of energy-saving and carbon emission-reducing in cities and aid utility companies in establishing energy conservation guidelines.     

Predictive formulas for different measures of cheese yield using milk composition from individual goat samples

The objective of this study was to develop formulas based on milk composition of individual goat samples for predicting cheese yield (%CY) traits (fresh curd, milk solids, and water retained in the curd). The specific aims were to assess and quantify (1) the contribution of major milk components (fat, protein, and casein) and udder health indicators (lactose, somatic cell count, pH, and bacterial count) on %CY traits (fresh curd, milk solids, and water retained in the curd); (2) the cheese-making method; and (3) goat breed effects on prediction accuracy of the %CY formulas. The %CY traits were analyzed in duplicate from 600 goats, using an individual laboratory cheese-making procedure (9-MilCA method; 9 mL of milk per observation) for a total of 1,200 observations. Goats were reared in 36 herds and belonged to 6 breeds (Saanen, Murciano-Granadina, Camosciata delle Alpi, Maltese, Sarda, and Sarda Primitiva). Fresh %CY (%CY_CURD), total solids (%CY_SOLIDS), and water retained (%CY_WATER) in the curd were used as response variables. Single and multiple linear regression models were tested via different combinations of standard milk components (fat, protein, casein) and indirect udder health indicators (UHI; lactose, somatic cell count, pH, and bacterial count). The 2 %CY observations within animal were averaged, and a cross-validation (CrV) scheme was adopted, in which 80% of observations were randomly assigned to the calibration (CAL) set and 20% to the validation (VAL) set. The procedure was repeated 10 times to account for sampling variability. Further, the model presenting the best prediction accuracy in CrV (i.e., comprehensive formula) was used in a secondary analysis to assess the accuracy of the %CY predictive formulas as part of the laboratory cheese-making procedure (within-animal validation, WAV), in which the first %CY observation within animal was assigned to CAL, and the second to the VAL set. Finally, a stratified CrV (SCrV) was adopted to assess the %CY traits prediction accuracy across goat breeds, again using the best model, in which 5 breeds were included in CAL and the remaining one in the VAL set. Fitting statistics of the formulas were assessed by coefficient of determination of validation (R²_VAL) and the root mean square error of validation (RMSE_VAL). In CrV, the formula with the best prediction accuracy for all %CY traits included fat, casein, and UHI (R²_VAL = 0.65, 0.96, and 0.23 for %CY_CURD, %CY_SOLIDS, and %CY_WATER, respectively). The WAV procedure showed R²_VAL higher than those obtained in CrV, evidencing a low effect of the 9-MilCA method and, indirectly, its high repeatability. In the SCrV, large differences for %CY_CURD and %CY_WATER among breeds evidenced that the breed is a fundamental factor to consider in %CY predictive formulas. These results may be useful to monitor milk composition and quantify the influence of milk traits in the composite selection indices of specific breeds, and for the direct genetic improvement of cheese production.     

Thermal and photon effects on the reaction of H2 and O2 to water over Ag–Pd/TiO2

The reaction of H₂ and O₂ to water are studied over a Ag–Pd/TiO₂ anatase catalyst, under dark and photo-irradiation conditions in the gas and liquid phases. The catalyst consisted of metal particles of mean size of ca.1 nm dispersed over 10–15 nm TiO₂ particles. Kinetic parameters including order of reaction (n), rate constant (k), and activation energy (E_a), were evaluated. E_a for the thermal reaction was found to be 49-47 kJ mol^?1. The oxidation reaction rate constant was found to be ca. 3 times higher in the presence of photons when compared to dark reaction at room temperature. The overall quantum yield of the reaction in the slurry phase was found to be 0.09. Considering the number of metal particles on TiO₂, the photon yield per metal particle was found to be 0.16. A possible explanation of the changes in kinetics with respect to experimental conditions is given.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强中空蜂窝模压复合材料性能研究

为研制车船等壳体所用的轻质、高强复合板材,选用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)短纤维纱,制备成单层经纬为120根/(10 cm)的平纹组织,采用多组经纱持续更替交织层的方法制成2L(1+0)型、4L(2+1)型、6L(3+2)型3种多层角联锁结构织物,采用扦插芯棒、模压成型方法制成菱形蜂窝状的热固性环氧树脂基中空板,并与2块真空吸液法制成的面板组成“三合一”复合板,同时测定了复合板材的结构特征及其平拉、平压和弯曲性能。结果表明:3种类型复合板的密度均远小于水的密度,其中6L(3+2)型最小,为0.48 g/cm³;复合板层数越多,环氧树脂越难渗透尤其是在中空板菱形交叉点处,复合板平拉、平压、抗弯曲强度则呈现递增,制成的6L(3+2)型复合板试样平压强度可达到1.03 MPa。     

日本の寒地，北海道における2030年代の水稲生育への温暖化の影響予測とその対応(日语原文)

北海道では1980年代から2010年代まで，水稲圃場栽培期間である5–9月の気温は年代とともに上昇した。そこで，直近の2010年代（2010—2019年平均）と比べて， 2つの2030年代の予測気象から，既報の関係式より水稲生育を予測した。その結果，2030年代では2010年代に比べ，限界移植日（移植早限）が水稲栽培17地域の平均で8～9日早い。また，早限出穂期が1～5日早く，晩限出穂期が1～5日遅く，安全出穂期間が2～10日長い。出穂期は1～3日早い。出穂期から晩限出穂まで2～9日長いため，遅延型冷害の発生がやや少ない。生育期別気象は，出穂前24日以降30日間では生育が早いため平均気温が同じかやや低い。出穂前10日以降40日間および出穂期以降40日間では平均気温がやや高く，日射量はやや少ない。そのため，玄米収量は96～98％とやや低く，潜在収量性を示す気候登熟量示数は同じである。障害不稔発生に関係する穂ばらみ期冷害危険期の平均気温はわずかに低いかほぼ同じであるため，冷害発生の危険性は残る。一方，不稔発生をもたらす低温域の出現頻度には，地域間で差異がある。精米蛋白質含有率は同じであるが，アミロース含有率はやや低く，やや良食味である。米粒外観品質では被害粒歩合と着色粒歩合は一定の傾向がなく，未熟粒歩合はやや高い。精米白度は同じであるが，玄米白度はやや高い。以上の予測に対する技術的対応方向を示した。