喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金挤压态的组织和力学性能

研究了利用喷射成形辅以挤压制备Al-5.72Zn-2.36Mg-1.66Cu合金后优化的组织结构特征和力学性能。结果表明,合金基体组织均匀细化,晶粒形貌趋于圆整,平均晶粒大小达到10 μm左右。当合金的冷却条件通过快速凝固技术改变时,会产生不同程度的固溶强化效果和第二相弥散强化效果,从而改善了合金的整体性能。合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别平均提高了20%左右,且伸长率也略有提高。     

气调醇化过程中片烟细菌群落结构的变化

气调醇化是片烟醇化的一种方法。微生物尤其是细菌在片烟醇化过程中对烟叶的吸食品质起着至关重要的作用。为研究气调醇化过程中片烟细菌群落结构变化规律，利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台比较气调防霉杀虫阶段（S1）、气调醇化阶段（S2）及气调保质阶段（S3）共36份样品的细菌16S rDNA序列的多样性。结果表明，从S1到S3的过程中，片烟中细菌的物种丰富度和多样性水平呈增加趋势。S1阶段片烟的优势种群为鞘氨醇单胞菌属、假单胞菌属和甲基杆菌属，其占比在整个气调醇化过程中呈逐渐下降趋势；S2阶段的优势种群为芽孢杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属和伯克霍尔德菌属，其中芽孢杆菌属和伯克霍尔德菌属在整个气调醇化过程中占比呈先上升后下降的趋势；S3阶段细菌种群分布较为均匀。非度量多维尺度分析结果表明，3个醇化阶段的样品可以较明显地区分开来。可见，气调醇化过程中片烟的细菌种群组成非常丰富，不同醇化阶段活跃的微生物类群有所不同，鞘氨醇单胞菌属、假单胞菌属和甲基杆菌属主要在醇化前期参与了烟叶醇化过程，而芽孢杆菌属和伯克霍尔德菌属则主要在醇化后期发挥着微生物醇化的作用。     

无人机天线在雷电效应中的响应研究及性能检测

机载天线安装在无人机表面,容易成为雷电附着点,对无人机的飞行安全会产生严重威胁。 为开展相关设计,并验证设 计的有效性,针对 UHF 机载天线为研究对象,设计了片段式导流条和端口射频雷电抑制器的防护方案。 先后进行了初始先导 附着试验、外部部件瞬态感应试验、电性能测试和系统评估计算。 试验结果表明,天线损伤程度降低,片段式导流条对天线的电 性能影响不超过 0. 3 dB,射频雷电抑制器不影响驻波比、增益。 最终链路余量满足大于 3 dB 的要求,证明了设计的有效性。     

降雨强度对植被过滤带中胶体迁移过程的影响

通过人工降雨条件下胶体在10 m长度植被过滤带中的运移试验，建立耦合降雨的胶体迁移模型，以探究降雨强度对植被过滤带中胶体运移过程的影响。结果表明:不同降雨强度下，胶体在植被过滤带中的沉积吸附效率系数随运移距离呈幂指数下降趋势，并在6 m左右趋于稳定；随着降雨强度的增大，胶体在植被过滤带中的沉积吸附效率系数增大，在较大降雨强度下的去除效果更好。     

建（构）筑物下大条带协调式全采方法

建筑物下大条带协调式全采方法是先采用大条带跳采，采后地表产生较小的（约３０％）沉陷变形，而后仅用半数工作面即可联合开采剩余条带，最终实现全部开采，地表产生剩余的（７０％）沉陷变形量。此方法具有条带法开采和多工作面联合开采的优点，又同时克服了它们的某些缺点，明显地减少了地表沉陷变形值和采动影响次数，是保护地面建（构）筑物十分有效的开采措施。     

Water body and riparian buffer strip characteristics in a vineyard area to support aquatic pesticide exposure assessment

The implementation of a geodata-based probabilistic pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in Germany offers the opportunity to base the exposure estimation on more differentiated assumptions including detailed landscape characteristics. Since these characteristics can only be estimated using field surveys, water body width and depth, hydrology, riparian buffer strip width, ground vegetation cover, existence of concentrated flow paths, and riparian vegetation were characterised at 104 water body segments in the vineyard region Palatinate (south-west Germany).Water body segments classified as permanent (n = 43) had median values of water body width and depth of 0.9 m and 0.06 m, respectively, and the determined median width:depth ratio was 15. Thus, the deterministic water body model (width = 1 m; depth = 0.3 m) assumed in regulatory exposure assessment seems unsuitable for small water bodies in the study area. Only 25% of investigated buffer strips had a dense vegetation cover (> 70%) and allow a laminar sheet flow as required to include them as an effective pesticide runoff reduction landscape characteristic. At 77 buffer strips, bordering field paths and erosion rills leading into the water body were present, concentrating pesticide runoff and consequently decreasing buffer strip efficiency. The vegetation type shrubbery (height > 1.5 m) was present at 57 (29%) investigated riparian buffer strips. According to their median optical vegetation density of 75%, shrubberies may provide a spray drift reduction of 72 ± 29%.Implementing detailed knowledge in an overall assessment revealed that exposure via drift might be 2.4 and via runoff up to 1.6 fold higher than assumed by the deterministic approach. Furthermore, considering vegetated buffer strips only by their width leads to an underestimation of exposure by a factor of as much as four. Our data highlight that the deterministic model assumptions neither represent worst-case nor median values and therefore cannot simply be adopted in a probabilistic approach.     

Evaluation of buffer zone effectiveness in mitigating the risks associated with agricultural runoff in Prince Edward Island

To minimize the risk posed by runoff from row crops, Prince Edward Island introduced buffer legislation in 2000. The legislation mandates 10-m and 20-m buffers, respectively, for moderate sloped (i.e. < 5%) and steep sloped (i.e. > 5%) agricultural fields that border streams. Since 2001, Environment Canada has been evaluating the effectiveness of various buffer widths on operational farms in reducing toxicity and contaminant concentrations in runoff. Sample collectors, placed in 44 fields at the field edge (0 m), 10 m and at distances out to 30 m, collected overland flow following rainfall-induced runoff events. Samples were collected within 24 hours of an event and analysed for seven pesticides (endosulfan, chlorothalonil, carbofuran, linuron, metribuzin, metalaxyl, mancozeb), water quality parameters and Daphnia magna toxicity. The 10-m buffer required for moderate sloped fields was effective at reducing contaminant concentrations but not always to less than lethal concentrations to Daphnia magna. Limited data beyond 10 m for fields of both slope types precluded making recommendations on a suitable buffer width for shallow sloped fields and evaluating the effectiveness of 20-m buffers for steep sloped fields. When paired data were combined and statistically tested for all fields, the studied pesticides underwent a 52-98% and 68-100% reduction in aqueous and particulate concentrations within 10 m and 30 m, respectively. In addition, by 10 m, soluble phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and total suspended solids were reduced by 34%, 38% and 64%, respectively. Results suggest buffer zones on operational farms are capable of achieving contaminant reductions comparable to those reported for controlled experiments. Inconsistent siting of sample collectors beyond 10 m limited the evaluation of the effects of field slope and buffer width on buffer effectiveness on working farms. Future studies on buffer efficiency on operational farms should focus on building the data set beyond 10 m and evaluating load reductions.     

非等温蠕变时效对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了非等温蠕变时效处理中升温速率和峰值温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金回弹性能、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。通过透射电镜分析了合金的析出行为和时效强化机理。结果表明：随着加热速率的降低和峰值温度的升高,合金的回弹率降低;晶内析出相的尺寸增大,而体积分数先增大后减小;晶界析出相逐渐变得不连续,无析出区扩大。经非等温蠕变时效（20℃/h,180℃）处理后的合金主要析出相为致密的η’相,晶界析出相不连续,无析出区的宽度约为44.2 nm。非等温蠕变时效（20℃/h,180℃）处理的合金力学性能和耐腐蚀性能均优于常见的等温蠕变时效（120℃,24 h）处理的合金,并且时效时间缩短了67%。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金新型等通道转角双向镦挤变形行为分析

以超高强度Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金为研究对象,采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法对其等通道转角双向镦挤过程进行分析。结果发现,变形过程可以分为近局部镦粗、剪切变形、最后填充三个阶段,变形结束后试样根据金属流动和网格畸变程度划分为小变形区、不变形区、剪切变形区、剧烈变形区。不同加载方式使变形区域发生不同程度偏移,上下冲头速度差越大,变形均匀性越差,速度比为1时可获得最大的应变量为3.97,且变形均匀性系数最低为1.89。同时,对不同路径下的多道次变形行为进行研究,发现4道次结束后,B路径比A路径变形更加均匀充分,其变形均匀性系数降低了29 %,剪切变形区占比提升了14 %。     

FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂复合材料界面设计及其吸波性能

针对FeCuNbSiB非晶带材与环氧树脂基体不浸润的难题,本文通过表面化学改性,在FeCuNbSiB非晶带材两面分别生成一层厚度5μm~10μm、相结构为Cu_0.75Fe_2.25O₄和Fe₃O₄的界面层。界面层与带材结合强度高,与环氧树脂浸润性好;以FeCuNbSiB非晶带材为增强材料,同时按FSS网络设计的FeCuNbSiB非晶带材/环氧树脂铺层在13-18GHz频带出现R=-5dB~-10dB的吸收峰。增加铺层数,吸收峰值不变,但吸收峰频带往低频率方向移动。利用此特性可以修正其它复合材料的雷达波吸波特性,拓宽吸收频带,增加吸波性能。