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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(87):36926-36952
The ohmic resistance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mainly comes from the electrolyte, which can be reduced by developing novel electrolyte materials with higher ionic conductivity and/or fabricating thin-film electrolytes. Among various kinds of thin-film fabrication technology, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method can reduce the electrolyte thickness to a few micrometers and mitigate the issues associated with high-temperature sintering, which is necessary for wet ceramic methods. This review summarizes recent development progress in thin-film electrolytes fabricated by the PVD method, especially pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering. At first, the importance of the substrate surface morphology for the quality of the film is emphasized. After that, the fabrication of thin-film doped-zirconia and doped-ceria electrolytes is presented, then we provide a brief summary of the works on other types of electrolytes prepared by PVD. Finally, we have come to the summary and made perspectives. 相似文献
2.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(6):8069-8080
Homogeneous thin films of Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) were grown on quartz and glass substrates using the thermal evaporation method. XRD results showed that the MoO3 powder has a polycrystalline structure with an orthorhombic crystal system whereas the MoO3 thin films have amorphous nature. SEM images showed that the MoO3 thin films have a nearly uniform surfaces with worm-like shape grains. The film thickness influences on the linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of MoO3 thin films that were examined using spectrophotometric measurements and from which, the linear optical constants of the MoO3 thin films were estimated. The electronic transition type was determined as a direct allowed one. The values of the optical band gap were obtained to be in the range of 3.88–3.72 eV. The dispersion parameters, third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, and the nonlinear refractive index of the MoO3 thin films were determined and interpreted in the light of the single oscillator model. The temperature dependence of the DC electrical conductivity and the corresponding conduction mechanism for the MoO3 films were investigated at temperatures ranging from 303 to 463 K. 相似文献
3.
Gui-Yang Luo Yi-Jing Gu Yuan Liu Zi-Liang Chen Yong-lin Huo Fu-Zhong Wu Yi Mai Xin-Yi Dai Yong Deng 《Ceramics International》2021,47(8):11332-11339
LiFePO4 modified by N-doped graphene (NG) with a three-dimensional conductive network structure was synthesized via a one-step in situ hydrothermal method. The effects of N amount of NG on the phase structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 are investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that doping suitable N amounts in NG do not alter the crystal structure of LiFePO4, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that NG can slightly reduce the particle size of LiFePO4. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that the LiFePO4 particles are well covered and connected by NG. The electrochemical performance confirms that LiFePO4 modified by 20% N-doped graphene (named LFP/NG-4) displays a perfect specific capacity of 166.6 mAh·g?1 at a rate of 0.2C and can reach 125 mAh·g?1 at a rate of 5 C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results illustrate that the charge transfer resistance value of the LFP/NG-4 composite is only 58.6 Ω, which is very low compared with LiFePO4. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests indicate that the addition of 20% N-doped graphene can effectively reduce electrode polarization and improve reversibility. The LFP/NG-4 composite with a three-dimensional conductive network structure can be regarded as a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries. 相似文献
4.
Ioanna Mela Chetan Poudel Miguel Anaya Géraud Delport Kyle Frohna Stuart Macpherson Tiarnan A. S. Doherty Anna Scheeder Samuel D. Stranks Clemens F. Kaminski 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(23):2100293
Halide perovskites are a versatile class of semiconductors employed for high performance emerging optoelectronic devices, including flexoelectric systems, yet the influence of their ionic nature on their mechanical behavior is still to be understood. Here, a combination of atomic-force, optical, and compositional X-ray microscopy techniques is employed to shed light on the mechanical properties of halide perovskite films at the nanoscale. Mechanical domains within and between morphological grains, enclosed by mechanical boundaries of higher Young's Modulus (YM) than the bulk parent material, are revealed. These mechanical boundaries are associated with the presence of bromide-rich clusters as visualized by nano-X-ray fluorescence mapping. Stiffer regions are specifically selectively modified upon light soaking the sample, resulting in an overall homogenization of the mechanical properties toward the bulk YM. This behavior is attributed to light-induced ion migration processes that homogenize the local chemical distribution, which is accompanied by photobrightening of the photoluminescence within the same region. This work highlights critical links between mechanical, chemical, and optoelectronic characteristics in this family of perovskites, and demonstrates the potential of combinational imaging studies to understand and design halide perovskite films for emerging applications such as photoflexoelectricity. 相似文献
5.
6.
Sergey Tkachev Miguel Monteiro João Santos Ernesto Placidi Mohamed Ben Hassine Pedro Marques Paulo Ferreira Pedro Alpuim Andrea Capasso 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(33):2103287
Graphene-based materials have attracted significant attention in many technological fields, but scaling up graphene-based technologies still faces substantial challenges. High-throughput top-down methods generally require hazardous, toxic, and high-boiling-point solvents. Here, an efficient and inexpensive strategy is proposed to produce graphene dispersions by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) through a combination of shear-mixing (SM) and tip sonication (TS) techniques, yielding highly concentrated graphene inks compatible with spray coating. The quality of graphene flakes (e.g., lateral size and thickness) and their concentration in the dispersions are compared using different spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Several approaches (individual SM and TS, and their combination) are tested in three solvents (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, and cyrene). Interestingly, the combination of SM and TS in cyrene yields high-quality graphene dispersions, overcoming the environmental issues linked to the other two solvents. Starting from the cyrene dispersion, a graphene-based ink is prepared to spray-coat flexible electrodes and assemble a touch screen prototype. The electrodes feature a low sheet resistance (290 Ω □−1) and high optical transmittance (78%), which provide the prototype with a high signal-to-noise ratio (14 dB) and multi-touch functionality (up to four simultaneous touches). These results illustrate a potential pathway toward the integration of LPE-graphene in commercial flexible electronics. 相似文献
7.
Mechanical properties and thermal shock in thin ZrO2–Y2O3–Al2O3 films obtained by the sol-gel method
Antonio Díaz-Parralejo M. Ángeles Díaz-Díez José Sánchez-González Antonio Macías-García Juan Pablo Carrasco-Amador 《Ceramics International》2021,47(1):80-86
Thin multilayer coatings of ZrO2–Y2O3–Al2O3 were prepared using the sol-gel method and dip-coating technique in order to advance in the study of what influence the incorporation of Al2O3 has on films of Y2O3-doped ZrO2, investigating its role in the synthesis of the solutions and in the characteristics and properties of the coatings. After the characterization of the solutions used in the process, the microstructure of the films was studied and their mechanical behaviour and resistance to thermal shock were determined so as to optimize the characteristics and functionality of these coatings. With increased alumina content, 3YSZ-Al2O3 (20 mol%), the cubic phase of the zirconia disappeared completely at the sintering temperature used (700 °C), resulting in the tetragonal phase with Al in solution. There was also a decrease in the coatings' hardness and Young's modulus, and an increase in toughness and resistance to thermal shock. These results allow guidelines to be established for the design of multilayer structures that are, tougher, more resistant, and have improved surface properties. 相似文献
8.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(22):31442-31450
ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer thin films have been a potential substitute of the conventional single-layer transparent conducting film. Nevertheless, the mechanical stability under preparation and in-service conditions still limits their applications and developments. In this paper, the influences of different structural properties as well as layer structure on both surface morphological properties and mechanical properties of the ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer thin films in comparison with commercial single-layer ITO thin film were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that, i) the tri-layer composite has large impacts on the preferential orientation, and exhibits the decreased values of surface roughness, net lattice distortion and residual stress; ii) the increased hardness (H) and decreased Young's modulus (E) for full annealed ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer films indicate that it is possible to tailor mechanical properties of the materials by manufacturing multilayer composite; iii) the ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer thin film exhibits remarkable improvements in wear resistance with the increase of annealing temperature, which is mainly attributed to the increased ratios of H/E and H3/E2. 相似文献
9.
Le Fang Qian Sun Yong-Hong Duan Jing Zhai Dan Wang Jie-Xin Wang 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(4):902
BaSO4 nanoparticles as important functional materials have attracted considerable research interests, due to their X-rays barrier and absorption properties. However, most of BaSO4 nanoparticles prepared by traditional technology are nanopowders with broad size distribution and poor dispersibility, which may greatly limit their applications. To the best of our knowledge, the synthesis of transparent BaSO4 nanodispersions was rarely reported. Here, we firstly present a novel and efficient method to prepare transparent and stable BaSO4 nanodispersions with a relatively small particle size around 10 to 17 nm using a precipitation method in a rotating packed bed (RPB), followed by a modification treatment using stearic acid. Compared with the BaSO4 prepared in a traditional stirred tank, the product prepared using an RPB has much smaller particle size and narrower size distribution. More importantly, by using RPB, the reaction time can be significantly decreased from 20 min to 18 s. Furthermore, the transparent BaSO4-polyvinyl butyral nanocomposite films with good X-ray shielding performance can be easily fabricated. We believe that the stable BaSO4 nanodispersions may have a wide range of applications for transparent composite materials and coatings with X-ray shielding performance for future research. 相似文献
10.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15207-15217
SCAPS solar cell simulation program was applied to model an inverted structure of perovskite solar cells using Cu-doped Ni1-xO thin films as hole transport layer. The Cu-doped Ni1-xO film were made by co-sputtering deposition under different deposition conditions. By increasing the amount of the Cu-dopant, the film crystallinity enhanced whereas the bandgap energy decreased. The transmittance of the thin films decreased significantly by increasing the sputtering power of copper. High quality, uniform, compact, and pin-hole free films with low surface roughness were achieved. The structural, chemical, surface morphology, optical, electrical, and electronic properties of the Cu doped Ni1-xO films were used as input parameters in the simulation of Pb-based (MAPbI3-xClx) and Pb-free (MAGeI3) perovskite solar cells. Simulation results showed that the performance of both Pb-based and Pb-free perovskite solar cell devices significantly enhanced with Cu-doped Ni1-xO film. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the Pb-free perovskite solar cell is 8.9% which is lower than the highest PCE of 17.5% for the Pb-based perovskite solar cell. 相似文献