Boosted 2D graphene nanosheets by organic-inorganic hybrid cross-linker for an efficient and stable supercapacitor

Using covalent graphene derivatives in energy storage applications is promising. From this view, covalently cross-linked graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are designed using polyoligomeric silsesquioxanes-propyl-NH₂ (POPN). Then, by incorporating cobalt sulfide nanoparticles into the porous scaffold, a high-value nanocomposite is formed. In a typical three-electrode cell, this nanocomposite declared substantial specific capacity of 454 and 438 Fg^-1 using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge (GCD) assessments. The device is assembled via two identical electrodes containing RGO-SiO₃-NH2-poss-NH2-SiO₃-RGO/cobalt sulfide (RGO-Si-POPN-Si-RGO/CoS₂). Utilizing CV and GCD methods, specific capacitances of 328 and 315 Fg^-1 are realized at a sweep rate and current density of 2 mVs^?1 and 0.5 Ag^-1, respectively. The device presents desirable energy density of 18.5 Whkg^?1 at the power density of 325 Wkg^-1. More impressively, around 97.9% of the specific capacitance is retained after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. The results confirm exceptional capacitive capabilities and super stability of the nanocomposite suitable for practical systems.     

不稳定交联剂在微球合成中的应用及性能影响

通过Ⅰ型稳定交联剂(MBA)与Ⅱ型不稳定交联剂(PEGDA)复合使用,采用反相乳液聚合法制备一种不稳定交联微球。通过本体聚合法考察PEGDA的分解温度为60~65℃,并结合激光粒度仪研究Ⅱ型交联剂对微球粒径、膨胀性能的影响,SEM观察微球水化前后的形态。研究发现,适量的Ⅱ型交联剂与MBA复合使用能够减小微球的初始粒径;微球水化前后形态近似球形,初始粒径约为3μm,膨胀后颗粒间发生团聚作用;不稳定交联微球尺寸分布较宽,在常温下几乎不膨胀,60℃后Ⅱ型交联剂失效,微球膨胀速率加快,膨胀倍率优于单一交联微球,1.95×105mg/L矿化度地层水中,微球18 h内中值粒径(D0.5)从13.94μm增加到70.71μm。     

Ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties of cross-linked solid polymer electrolyte using star-shaped siloxane acrylate

A star-shaped siloxane acrylate with a different number of repeating units of oligo(ethylene oxide) (EO) was synthesized as a cross-linker of solid polymer electrolytes. The cross-linked solid polymer electrolytes blended with the ionic conducting plasticizers, such as low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)dimethyl ether (PEGDME) were prepared by the in situ thermal curing of the star-shaped siloxane acrylate. Different morphologies of the cross-linked polymer electrolytes were observed according to the number of repeating units of EO (n) in the cross-linker. A micro-phase separated solid polymer electrolyte was obtained when the n of cross-linker was 1. When the n of cross-linker was larger than 1, homogeneously blended solid polymer electrolytes were prepared. The ionic conductivity was measured to be 6.3 to 7.8 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ with 80 wt.% PEGDME at 30 °C. The ionic conductivity of the micro-phase separated solid polymer electrolyte was slightly higher than that of the homogeneously blended solid polymer electrolyte. The electrochemical stability window of the resulting solid polymer electrolyte could be extended to up to 4.8 V versus Li/Li⁺ reference electrode.     

Water structure and improved mechanical properties of phospholipid polymer hydrogel with phosphorylcholine centered intermolecular cross-linker

We investigated the water structure and the mechanical properties of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer hydrogels cross-linked with a novel hydrophilic 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-[N-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphorylcholine (MMPC) for soft contact lenses (SCL) applications and commercial methacrylic cross-linkers were in addition used for comparison with MMPC. Water structure in hydrogels, which influences the protein adsorption by dehydration was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. MMPC increased the freezing water content of the MPC polymer hydrogel compared with hydrophilic N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) at the same water content. MMPC also improved fracture strength of the MPC polymer hydrogel to 120 kPa in tensile, which was considerably higher than that hydrogel cross-linked with BIS. It is suggested that MMPC shows higher cross-linking reactivity with MPC than BIS. We concluded that the MMPC increase both the free water content and the tensile properties. The MPC polymer hydrogel cross-linked with MMPC can be a useful SCL biomaterial.     

Pervaporation Separation of p-/o-Xylene Mixtures Using HTPB-Based Polyurethaneurea Membranes

Hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethaneurea membranes with and without cross-linkage were synthesized and first used as membrane material to separate p-/o-xylene mixtures by pervaporation. Compared with HTPB-PU (without cross-linkage) membranes, HTPB-DVB-PU (cross-linked HTPB-PU with divinyl benzene) membranes demonstrated a lower degree of swelling in xylene isomer solutions and noticeable improved separation factor of p-/o-xylene. On the other hand, the amount of p-xylene adsorbed in HTPB-DVB-PU membranes increased significantly rather than that of o-xylene. While the separation factor of p-/o-xylene increased but the total flux decreased with increasing DVB content, which can be ascribed to the improved chemical structure and more homogeneous chain structures of the HTPB-DVB-PU membranes. The p-xylene normalized permeation rate and separation factor of p-/o-xylene of HTPB-DVB-PU membrane reached 2.70 kgµm/m²h and 2.23, respectively, at a feed concentration of 10 wt% p-xylene at 30°C.     

水基合成聚合物压裂液体系研究现状及发展趋势

天然植物胶及其衍生物压裂液因含不溶物,破胶后残渣多,对地层伤害大,且价格居高不下。随着对油气层的保护意识增强,合成聚合物压裂液对细菌不敏感、冻胶稳定性好、无残渣、对地层低伤害等特点,越来越受到油气田的青睐。文章从丙烯酰胺类、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯类等几类稠化剂,对合成聚合物压裂液做了详细阐述,并简述了水基压裂液的发展趋势。     

聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯交联剂的合成工艺

研究了高吸水性树脂交联剂聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯的合成工艺。结果表明:在丙烯酸1 mol、n(聚乙二醇)∶n(丙烯酸)=1∶3、环己烷15 mL、甲苯5 mL、催化剂对甲苯磺酸0.018 mol、反应温度90℃和反应时间8 h等试验条件下,产物收率96.7%(x);用优化条件下合成的交联剂制备聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂,其吸水倍率690.2、吸盐水107.5、吸人工尿51.1、吸水速率10.1 s。     

Effect of propyleneimine external cross-linker on the properties of acrylate latex pressure sensitive adhesives

Acrylate pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) latexes were synthesized via a starved monomer seeded semi-batch emulsion polymerization process with butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). These PSA polymers were then cross-linked with trifunctional propyleneimine external cross-linker (SAC-100) to study the cross-linking reaction between carboxylic group of the polymer chain and cross-linking agent. It was found that cross-linking provided a significant influence on the film formation process based on the result of SEM analysis. In addition, with the increase of SAC-100 content, the gel content of the polymer increased significantly, while molecular weight between cross-link points (M_c) and the sol molecular weight (M_w, M_n) of the polymer decreased remarkably. The TGA result showed that the addition of the external cross-linker can enhance the thermal stability of the latex film. Moreover, for the cross-linked adhesive film, the shear strength was improved greatly while at the sacrifice of loop tack and peel strength, when compared with the uncross-linked counterparts. Besides, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was also used to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of the acrylate emulsion PSA film.     

新型硅烷复合物在铝材表面处理中的应用

目的研制一种新型硅烷复合物,以替代传统的铬酸盐钝化液对铝材进行表面处理。方法将KH-560和A-151两种偶联剂进行复合,并添加合成的水性聚酯水解促进剂和带有活性基团的交联剂R,考察偶联剂配比、水解促进剂和交联剂R的用量对处理液稳定性及硅烷膜耐腐蚀性的影响。结果当KH-560与A-151的质量比为4∶1,水解促进剂的质量分数为0.4%~0.6%时,处理液的储存时间超过90天,硅烷膜也具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。对于储存后性能下降的处理液,添加4%(占处理液质量的百分比)的交联剂R后,即能在硅羟基之间形成明显的交联作用,有效增强硅烷膜的防护性能。结论该硅烷复合物的综合性能达到了工业化应用要求,可解决铬酸盐钝化液对环境的污染问题,具有良好的社会效益。     

弱凝胶调驱技术在旅大5-2油田的应用

模拟双河油田95℃高温油藏条件,评价研究了交联聚合物驱油体系的成胶性能、耐温抗盐性能和长期热稳定性,分析了影响驱油体系成胶性能的主要因素。结果表明,研制的交联聚合物体系耐温抗盐性能好,耐温105℃,抗盐100 000mg/L;在95℃高温下老化180天,成胶黏度保持稳定。优化了交联聚合物体系配方,形成了高度、中度和低度交联聚合物系列配方,为高温油藏化学驱提高采收率提供了新型驱油体系。