Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

Epoxidized perfluoropolyethers: A route to hydrophobic,negative‐tone photoresists

The synthesis, formulation, and wafer level processing conditions of a heavily fluorinated hydrophobic photoresist was demonstrated. The synthesis is based on terminal epoxy modification of commercially available perfluoropolyethers. Structural characterization shows that terminal epoxide can open during the synthetic process, but in a simple formulation has a negligible effect on photoresolution of the photoresist. Formulation into a traditional photoresist requires careful selection of appropriate cosolvents to ensure solubility of the hydrophobic epoxy and hydrophilic photoacid generator while attaining adequate coating quality. Formulation processing conditions are presented and the chemical resistance of the resist through aggressive processing steps is demonstrated. Wafer level patterning using traditional photolithographic tools illustrates the applicability of the formulation and process conditions for traditional resist or microfluidic applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Dendrimer finishing influence on CO/PES blended fabrics color assessment

Textile finishing includes all processes that help to maintain the value or increase the value of the textile material. It encompasses dyeing, printing, and all the finishing treatments to realize durable press, soil release, flame retardant, antistatic, antimicrobial, or water/oil repellency properties. When these properties are realized on dyed textile fabric, one effect could be ascribed to the color change induced by finishing operations. This research focuses on the assessment of color alterations occurring on the dyed cotton/polyester blended fabrics due to the nanoparticle‐sized dendrimer (DWR), dendrimer–fluorocarbon (DWOR), and fluorocarbon (FWOR) finishing onto their surfaces. The dependence of color on the surface state of treated textiles is calculated in the context of spectrophotometric measurements. Modification of the surface roughness by reflectance spectrum and the absorbance of finishes in visible range were investigated to determine color changes between the original (control fabric, dyed but not treated) and treated fabrics. As a result of color matching calculated by CIE‐Lab values, color change is related to the surface roughness associated with absorbance values of applied finishes. In addition, fabrics mechanical properties were evaluated to estimate if finishing agents application gives rise to other changes, besides color alterations. The fabrics mechanical properties have been found not significantly altered by the aforementioned finishing treatments. These results could be applied for industrial needs (quality control), or in the artistic field of conservation, or restoration (to follow the color of paintings). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

含氟聚合物聚合反应釜传质能力改善

介绍了含氟聚合物聚合反应釜传质能力改善的方法：将聚合反应釜的推进式和锚式的组合体搅拌更换为涡轮式和锚式的组合体；延长挡板，缩短与反应釜釜盖的距离。改善前后生产的聚合物的分子量及其分布的变化也证实反应釜传质能力的提高。     

High air stability of threshold voltage on gate bias stress in pentacene TFTs with a hydroxyl-free and amorphous fluoropolymer as gate insulators

We investigated the air stabilities of threshold voltages (V_th) on gate bias stress in pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a hydroxyl-free and amorphous fluoropolymer as gate insulators. The 40-nm-thick thin films of spin-coated fluoropolymer had excellent electrical insulating properties, and the pentacene TFTs exhibited negligible current hysteresis, low leakage current, a field-effect mobility of 0.45 cm²/Vs and an on/off current ratio of 3 × 10⁷ when it was operated at −20 V in ambient air. After a gate bias stress of 10⁴ s, a small V_th shift below 1.1 V was obtained despite non-passivation of the pentacene layer. We have discussed that the excellent air stability of V_th was attributed to the insulator surface without hydroxyl groups.     

含氟聚合物的辐射交联Ⅱ——氟塑料-46的辐射交联反应机理

根据红外分析、顺磁共振、光电子能谱及化学分析结果,我们提出了氟塑料—46的辐射交联反应机理。交联点不一定如Bowers等由理论分析推断的在氟塑料—46的—CF_3侧链上。我们认为可以由 CF_3链侧自由基如—CF_2—CF—CF_2—,—CF_2—C—CF_2—,直接复合成交联键,H型交联;或由链侧自由基和链端自由基复合通过支化而交联,即T型或Y型交联。后者机率更多些。     

Laser-Enhanced Gas Phase Surface Modifications of Teflon AF1600 for Increased Copper Adhesion

Multilevel interconnect devices, made of alternating layers of a low permittivity polymer (e.g., Teflon AF1600^TM) and a low resistivity metal (e.g., copper), are increasingly being used in microelectronics in order to decrease the RC signal transmission time delay. The mechanical stability of the multilevel interconnects is related to the adhesion developed at the metal-dielectric interface. Since Cu/Teflon AF1600 adhesion is moderate and may not satisfy the requirements of the microelectronics industry, new treatments of the fluoropolymer surface are needed to improve it. In this note, we present several surface modifications, such as the formation of reactive sites during intense X-ray exposure, and S- or N-grafting, activated by UV radiation in the presence of H₂S and NH₃; copper is well known to react with both thiols (R—SH) and amines (R—NH₂) to form strong bonds. Both X-ray exposure and N-grafting lead to enhanced adhesion.     

Synthesis and characterization of fluoropolymer modified polyacrylate in emulsion polymerization

A novel method to produce fluorine‐containing polyacrylate emulsion is presented. It is prepared by the copolymerization of n‐methyl methacrylate, n‐styrene, n‐butyl acrylate, and α‐methacrylic acid in the presence of swollen particles of PTFE. The structure and properties of the polymers are characterized by GPC, PSD, SEM, and XPS. The number‐average molar mass (Mn) 51,332, and the polydispersity 5.8688 are obtained. The mean diameter of latex particles is 300nm. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that particles of the emulsion are well dispersed. Meanwhile, the F_1S content of the surface on the latex membrane is 8.99%. It is shown that the method of mixing micron and nanometer‐sized particles should be made the next step of research. It is also proved that inertia polymers can be used in emulsion property modification. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 558–562, 2006     

氟碳涂料研究及发展趋势

概述了氟碳涂料的发展过程,并对不同发展阶段的氟碳涂料作了简单介绍。重点阐述了乙烯与三氟氯乙烯共聚物(E-CTFE)涂料、端羟基全氟聚醚(PFPE)树脂涂料、氟乙烯烃基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFEVE)涂料、丙烯酸改性氟聚合物(AMF)涂料等几种典型氟碳涂料的制备与基本性能。同时指出了氟碳涂料的发展方向。     

国内外含氟聚合物的应用及市场现状

介绍国内外含氟聚合物的应用及市场现状。2004年,全球含氟聚合物的产能约为20.3万t/a,产能利用率为65%;全球含氟聚合物的消费量累计达到13.27万t,消费额超过25亿美元。2004年,我国的含氟聚合物消费量为1.3万t,年均增长率为8%。预计,2009年我国含氟聚合物的消费量将达到1.5万～1.6万t。