全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16171篇 |
免费 | 1581篇 |
国内免费 | 1273篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 2805篇 |
综合类 | 1220篇 |
化学工业 | 961篇 |
金属工艺 | 1914篇 |
机械仪表 | 966篇 |
建筑科学 | 163篇 |
矿业工程 | 233篇 |
能源动力 | 397篇 |
轻工业 | 240篇 |
水利工程 | 83篇 |
石油天然气 | 288篇 |
武器工业 | 308篇 |
无线电 | 4540篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2986篇 |
冶金工业 | 392篇 |
原子能技术 | 590篇 |
自动化技术 | 939篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 165篇 |
2022年 | 274篇 |
2021年 | 375篇 |
2020年 | 359篇 |
2019年 | 314篇 |
2018年 | 323篇 |
2017年 | 548篇 |
2016年 | 594篇 |
2015年 | 659篇 |
2014年 | 805篇 |
2013年 | 908篇 |
2012年 | 1332篇 |
2011年 | 1465篇 |
2010年 | 1142篇 |
2009年 | 1123篇 |
2008年 | 1163篇 |
2007年 | 1318篇 |
2006年 | 1135篇 |
2005年 | 913篇 |
2004年 | 679篇 |
2003年 | 597篇 |
2002年 | 476篇 |
2001年 | 425篇 |
2000年 | 316篇 |
1999年 | 270篇 |
1998年 | 223篇 |
1997年 | 195篇 |
1996年 | 176篇 |
1995年 | 151篇 |
1994年 | 135篇 |
1993年 | 101篇 |
1992年 | 76篇 |
1991年 | 61篇 |
1990年 | 56篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 31篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(24):34455-34462
Herein, the tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructure thin films with different morphologies are firstly fabricated by magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition technique (MS-GLAD), followed by the post annealed treatment process in air ambient for 2 h. It is demonstrated that the geometry of MS-GLAD setup, mainly substrate position, played a crucial role in determining the morphology, crystallinity, optical transmittance, and photo-electrochemical (PEC) performance of the WO3 nanostructured thin film. With the different substrate positions in the MS-GLAD system, the WO3 nanorod film layer could be precisely changed to combine an underlying dense layer with a nanorod layer and then nanocolumnar film. Moreover, the prepared samples' chemical composition and work function are studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), respectively. The combining WO3 nanostructure produced high PEC efficiency compared to the single layer of the WO3 nanorods sample and the dense WO3 thin film sample. Thus, morphology-controlled nanostructure film based on the MS-GLAD technique in our study provides a simple approach to enhance the photo-anode for PEC water splitting application. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(22):11658-11668
In an attempt to optimize the properties of FeCoNi coating for planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect application, the coating composition is modified by increasing the ratio of Fe/Ni. An Fe1·5CoNi0.5 (Fe:Co:Ni = 1.5:1:0.5, atomic ratio) metallic coating is fabricated on SUS 430 stainless steel by magnetron sputtering, followed by oxidation in air at 800°C. The Fe1·5CoNi0.5 coating is thermally converted to (Fe,Co,Ni)3O4 and (Fe,Co,Mn,Ni)3O4 without (Ni,Co)O particles. After oxidation for 1680 h, no further migration of Cr is detected in the thermally converted coating region. A low oxidation rate of 5.9 × 10?14 g2 cm?4 s?1 and area specific resistance of 12.64 mΩ·cm2 is obtained for Fe1·5CoNi0.5 coated steels. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(49):21033-21043
Magnetron sputtered low-loading iridium-ruthenium thin films are investigated as catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at the anode of the Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. Electrochemical performance of 50 nm thin catalysts (Ir pure, Ir–Ru 1:1, Ir–Ru 1:3, Ru pure) is tested in a Rotating Disk Electrode. Corresponding Tafel slopes are measured before and after the CV-based procedure to compare the activity and stability of prepared compounds. Calculated activities prior to the procedure confirm higher activity of ruthenium-containing catalysts (Ru pure > Ir–Ru 1:3 > Ir–Ru 1:1 > Ir pure). However, after the procedure a higher activity and less degradation of Ir–Ru 1:3 is observed, compared to Ir–Ru 1:1, i.e. the sample with a higher amount of unstable ruthenium performs better. This contradicts the expected behavior of the catalyst. The comprehensive chemical and structural analysis unravels that the stability of Ir–Ru 1:3 sample is connected to RuO2 chemical state and hcp structure. Obtained results are confirmed by measuring current densities in a single cell. 相似文献
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(8):10921-10931
Coatings were obtained by vacuum electro-spark alloying (VESA), pulsed cathodic arc evaporation (PCAE), magnetron sputtering (MS) techniques and VESA-PCAE-MS hybrid technology using Cr3C2–NiAl electrodes. The structure of the coatings was analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Mechanical properties were determined by nanoindentation, while tribological properties were assessed using pin-on-disk tribometer. Corrosion resistance was estimated by voltammetry in 1 N H2SO4 and 3.5%NaCl solutions. Oxidation resistance tests were performed at 800°С in air. The VESA coating had the highest thickness, low friction coefficient and high wear resistance. PCAE coating demonstrated the highest hardness (24 GPa) and elastic recovery (59%), oxidation resistance and superior corrosion resistance both in 1 N H2SO4 (icorr = 70 μА/cm2) and 3.5%NaCl (icorr = 0.74 μА/cm2) solutions. The MS coating had average mechanical properties and low corrosion current density (71 μА/cm2) in 1 N H2SO4. Deposition of coatings using VESA-PCAE-MS hybrid technology led to an increase in corrosion and oxidation resistance at least by 1.5 times in comparison with the VESA coating. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(89):37967-37977
The paper investigates the influence of the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 (LSC-GDC) composite cathode interlayer on the operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Thin composite layers with the different GDC content are obtained by the reactive magnetron sputtering. The impact of the high-temperature annealing on the LSC-GDC phase composition is studied by the X-ray diffraction instrument using additionally a synchrotron radiation. The NiO-YSZ anodes with the YSZ electrolyte thin film and GDC barrier layer are used for the SOFC fabrication. The current-voltage curves and impedance spectra of SOFCs are obtained in the temperature range of 700–800°С. It is shown that not annealed composite layers with ~50 vol% GDC content possess the most efficient electrochemical activity. The maximum power density of the SOFC with the LSC-GDC interlayer is 1322, 1041 and 796 mW/cm2 at 800, 750 and 700 °C, respectively, which is 20–35% higher than that of the cell without cathode interlayer. 相似文献
6.
7.
Hua Zhu Hai Zhang Tian-hao Zhang Shi-jin Yu Ping-chun Guo Yan-xiang Wang Zhi-sheng Yang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(12):16980-16985
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) films were prepared, at room temperature, on a fluorphlogopite substrate using magnetron sputtering technology. At various temperatures of 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, the samples were (had) annealed for 2 h (a 2-h duration). The results showed improvement in the crystalline performance of ITO film at selected annealing temperatures, with a significant reduction in resistivity at 800 °C. The lowest resistivity is 4.08 × 10?4 Ω-cm, which is nearly an order of magnitude lower than the unannealed sample. All samples have an average light transmittance above 85% in the visible light range (400–800 nm), and with increasing annealing temperature, the average light transmittance tends to decrease. Besides, at the sensitive wavelength of 550 nm, the light transmittance is as high as 93.74%. The sheet resistance testing of the sample was through the number of bending times, which revealed that with the increase of the number of bending, the sheet resistance increases. However, after 1200 bending times, the change rate of the sheet resistance remains below 5%. Thus, the ITO film prepared on the flexible fluorphlogopite substrate revealed excellent optical and electrical properties, good flexibility, and improved stability after high-temperature annealing, which guarantees successful application in flexible electronic devices. 相似文献
8.
Zeyu He Jiayue Han Xiaoyang Du Luye Cao Jun Wang Caijun Zheng Hui Lin Silu Tao 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(37):2103988
Emerging graphene/organic phototransistors are eye-catching technologies owing to their unique merits including easy/low-cost fabrication, temperature independent, and achieving various functions. However, their development in the near-infrared (NIR) region is experiencing a bottleneck of inferior sensitivity due to low exciton dissociation efficiency and inefficient charge extraction rate. Here, a novel-design solution-processed graphene/organic NIR phototransistor is reported, that is, creatively introducing electron extraction layer of ZnO on graphene channel and employing organic ternary bulk heterojunction as photosensitive layer, successfully breaking that bottleneck. The phototransistor exhibits a high responsivity of 6.1 × 106 A W−1, a superior detectivity of 2.4 × 1013 Jones, and a remarkable minimum detection power of 1.75 nW cm−2 under 850 nm radiation. Considering its excellent NIR detection performance, a noncontact transmission-type pulse monitoring is carried out with no external circuit support, from which human pulse signal and heart rate can be displayed in real time. The phototransistor, interestingly, can be switched into a photomemory function with a retention time of 1000 s in the atmosphere through a gate voltage of −20 V. The design takes the characteristics of graphene/organic phototransistors to a higher level, beyond the limit of sensitivity, and opens up a novel approach for developing multifunction devices. 相似文献
9.
《中国有色金属学会会刊》2021,31(12):3800-3813
The Fe−Ni−TiO2 nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation. The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies. By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz, the iron and TiO2 nanoparticles contentswere increased in expense of nickel content. XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz, an enhancement ofBCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm. The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix (5.13 wt.%). Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency;while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased. 相似文献
10.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(21):31491-31499
In this study, an all-solid-state electrochromic device (ECD) with the structure of ITO/WO3/Al2SiO5/NiOx/ITO was prepared, and the effect of the Al2SiO5 solid electrolyte thicknesses on the opto-electrical performance was investigated. The microstructure and surface morphology were characterized using XRD, SEM and AFM, and the surface morphology and degree of surface looseness demonstrate a significant influence on the opto-electrical properties of ECDs. The charge transfer dynamics at the solid-solid interface were characterized using EIS to obtain an ionic conductivity of 4.637 × 10-8 S/cm. CV, CA and UV–Visible spectra were employed to record the in situ electrochemical and optical properties. The results revealed that the highest optical modulation was 44.58%, the coloring and bleaching times were 14.8 s and 3.7 s, and the highest coloring efficiency was 98.17 cm2/C, which indicates that excellent opto-electrical properties were obtained. When the thickness increases, the degree of surface dense morphology transforms, and the loose morphology is more favorable for ion conductivity, which improves the opto-electrical properties. The results in this study provide insights into the understanding of Al3+-based all-solid-state ECDs, which promote the exploration of new types of Al3+ ionic conductors for all-solid-state ECDs. 相似文献