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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(49):21231-21240
To explore the feasibility and related mechanism of MFC biosensor for wastewater detection under the action of combined heavy metals. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to explore the related bioelectrochemical process. The response of the reactor to single/combined heavy metals, low/high heavy metal concentrations, and the differences in ohmic resistance (Rs) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) were investigated using Ni as the core heavy metal and the combined action of Cd, Cu and Zn. The results indicated that there was a linear relationship between the concentration and output voltage of the MFC biosensor under the action of combined heavy metals (R2 = 0.8803–0.973). However, the internal resistance (Rint) of the MFC biosensor under the action of single heavy metal was far less than that of the combined heavy metal group, and the power density (19.849 W m?3) was 4 times that of the combined heavy metal group (3.109–4.589 W m?3). The Rs of the biosensors in the combined heavy metal group were 0.868Ω and 0.860, which were higher than 0.768Ω of the single heavy metal sensor. With the increase of the concentration of heavy metals in the influent, the increase of Rct was more obvious in the combined group, while the Rs in the single group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results imply that it is possible for MFC biosensors to be used in the detection of actual water polluted by various heavy metals, but the biosensor performance is mainly limited by Rct, which needs to be further improved. 相似文献
3.
Najiba Hasan Hamad 《亚洲传热研究》2022,51(5):3794-3814
Classical Fourier's theory is well-known in continuum physics and thermal sciences. However, the primary drawback of this law is that it contradicts the principle of causality. To explore the thermal relaxation time characteristic, Cattaneo–Christov's theory is adopted thermally. In this regard, the features of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flows of Casson fluids over an impermeable irregular sheet are revealed numerically. In addition, the resulting system of partial differential equations is altered via practical transformations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An advanced numerical algorithm is developed in this respect to get higher approximations for temperature and velocity fields, as well as their corresponding wall gradients. For validating our numerical code, the current outcomes are compared with the available literature results. Moreover, it is revealed that the velocity field is more prominent in the suction flow situation as compared with the injection flow case. It is also found that the Casson fluid is hastened in the case of lower yield stress. Larger values of thermal relaxation parameters create a lessening trend in the temperature distribution and its related boundary layer breadth. 相似文献
4.
甫沙4井位于塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷昆仑山前冲断带的柯东构造带上,北部和东部分别发育有柯克亚和柯东1井油气田。为研究甫沙4井原油来源与充注过程,对原油样品和连续抽提后的含油砂样各组分(游离态、束缚态、包裹体)进行GC、GC?MS和 GC?IRMS分析,与柯克亚凝析油气田油样进行油—油对比。结果表明:甫沙4井晚期充注原油组分具有C29?32重排藿烷、重排甾烷和Ts相对含量高,C27?29甾烷ααα 20R分布呈反“L”型,以及正构烷烃单体碳同位素值较低等特征,与柯克亚凝析油气田来源于二叠系普司格组(P2?3p)烃源岩的主体原油(I类)地球化学特征一致。而早期充注的原油组分具有重排藿烷、重排甾烷和Ts相对含量较低,C27?29甾烷ααα 20R分布呈“V”型,以及正构烷烃单体碳同位素值较高等特征,与柯克亚凝析油气田来源于中—下侏罗统湖相泥岩的II类原油地球化学特征一致。甫沙4井经历3个阶段成藏过程:①在上新世,二叠系烃源岩于生油晚期阶段生成的I类原油运移至柯克亚构造带或柯东构造带深部形成油藏;②在更新世早期,侏罗系烃源岩于生油早—中期生成的II类原油运移至甫沙4井白垩系储层;③在第四纪,强烈的构造作用使深部I类原油沿断裂调整进入甫沙4井白垩系储层。最终造成甫沙4井白垩系储层II类原油先充注,I类原油后充注的特殊现象。 相似文献
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6.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(3):1014-1022
In this work we have investigated the effect of the solvent during the processing of SrFe12O19 platelet-based permanent magnets by cold sintering process (CSP) plus a post-thermal treatment. Several organic solvents: glacial acetic acid, oleic acid and oleylamine have been analyzed, optimizing the CSP temperatures at 190?270 °C, under pressures of 375?670 MPa and 6?50 wt% of solvent. Modifications in the morphological and structural properties are identified depending on the solvent, which impacts on the magnetic response. Independently of the solvent, the mechanical integrity of ferrite magnets obtained by CSP is improved by a post-annealing at 1100 °C for 2 h, resulting in relative densities around 92 % with an average grain size of 1 μm and a fraction of SrFe12O19 phase >91 %. HC ≥ 2.1 kOe and MS of 73 emu/g are obtained in the final sintered ceramic magnets, exhibiting the highest HC value of 2.8 kOe for the magnet sintered using glacial acetic acid. 相似文献
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8.
Qiang Zhang Zhengya Dong Zhikai Liu Guangwen Chen 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(8):e17689
This study aims to investigate the effect of ultrasonic waveforms on the gas–liquid mass transfer process. For a given load power (P), continuous rectangular wave yielded stronger bubble oscillation and higher mass transfer coefficient (kLa) than continuous triangular and sinusoidal wave. For pulsed ultrasound, the kLa decreased monotonically with decreasing duty ratio (D), resulting in weak enhancement at low D (≤33%). For a given average load power (PA), concentrating the P for a shorter period resulted in a higher kLa due to stronger cavitation behavior. For a given PA and D, decreasing the pulse period (T) led to an increase in kLa, which reached a constant high level when the T fell below a critical value. By optimizing the D and T, a kLa equivalent to 92% of that under continuous ultrasound was obtained under pulsed ultrasound at a D of 67%, saving 33% in power consumption. 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(52):22165-22179
Aluminum alloy bipolar plates have unique application potential in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) due to the characteristics of lightweight and low cost. However, extreme susceptibility to corrosion in PEMFC operation condition limits the application. To promote the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy bipolar plates, a Ni–P/TiNO coating was prepared by electroless plating and closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating (CFUMSIP) technology on the 6061 Al substrate. The research results show that Ni–P interlayer improves the deposition effect of TiNO outer layer and increase the content of TiN and TiOxNy phases. Compared to Ni–P and TiNO single-layer coatings, the Ni–P/TiNO coating samples exhibited the lowest current density value of (1.10 ± 0.02) × 10?6 A·cm?2 in simulated PEMFC cathode environment. Additionally, potential cyclic polarization measurements were carried out aiming to evaluate the durability of the aluminum alloy bipolar plate during the PEMFC start-up/shut-up process. The results illustrate that the Ni–P/TiNO coating samples exhibit excellent stability and corrosion resistance. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(53):22482-22494
Hydrogen is among a few promising energy carriers of the future mainly due to its zero-emission combustion nature. It also plays an important role in the transition from fossil fuel to renewable. Hydrogen technology is relatively immature and serious knowledge gaps do exist in its production, transport, storage, and utilization. Although the economical generation of hydrogen to the scale required for such transition is still the biggest technical and environmental challenge, unlocking the large-scale but safe storage is similarly important. It is difficult to store hydrogen in solid and liquid states and storing it in the gaseous phase requires a huge volume which is just available in subsurface porous media. Sandstone is the most abundant and favourable medium for such storage as carbonate rock might not be suitable due to potential geochemical reactions.It is well established in the literature that interaction of the host rock-fluid and injected gas plays a crucial role in fluid flow, residual trapping, withdrawal, and more generally storing capacity. Such data for the hydrogen system is extremely rare and are generally limited to contact angle measurements, while being not representative of the reality of rock-brine-hydrogen interaction(s). Therefore, we have conducted, for the first time, a series of core flooding experiments using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to monitor hydrogen (H2) and Nitrogen (N2) gas saturations during the drainage and imbibition stages under pressure and temperature that represent shallow reservoirs. To avoid any geochemical reaction during the test, we selected a clean sandstone core plug of 99.8% quartz (Fontainebleau with a gas porosity of 9.7% and a permeability of 190 mD).Results show significantly low initial and residual H2 saturations in comparison with N2, regardless of whether the injection flow rate or capillary number were the same or not. For instance, when the same injection flow rate was used, H2 saturation during primary drainage was 4% and it was <2% after imbibition. On other hand, N2 saturation during the primary drainage was 26% and it was 17% after imbibition. However, when the same capillary number of H2 was utilised for the N2 experiment, the N2 saturation values were ~15% for initial gas saturation and 8% for residual gas saturation. Our results promisingly support the idea of hydrogen underground storage; however, we should emphasise that more sandstone rocks of different clay mineralogy should be investigated before reaching a conclusive outcome. 相似文献