Process parameters influence on zone refining and thermodynamics analysis of 1,2-diphenylethane

Effective distribution coefficients of 9 impurities in 1,2-diphenylethane have been calculated by directional crystallization under different ambient frozen temperature. The effect of varied zone size, temperature difference between the melt and ambient frozen environment, number of zone on purity of 1,2-diphenylethane have been also investigated during the process of zone refining. The results indicate that the product purity in the intermediate purified region with varied zone size is higher 0.04%-0.2% than that with constant zone size. The product purity increases with temperature difference between the melt and ambient frozen environment. The appropriate temperature difference is adopted 50℃. The product purity in the intermediate region of sample bar with 2 molten zones is higher 0.05%-0.43% than that with 1 molten zone. In addition, the change of enthalpy and entropy between impurities and 1,2-diphenylethane have been determined.     

木片筛余物高得率半化学法清洁制浆技术研究

以太阳纸业备料车间木片筛选碎料（筛余物）为原料，对其烧碱法半化学制浆的实验室工艺和生产试验进行了研究。结果表明，筛余物采用半化学法制浆可获得较高得率和环压强度的纸浆，且用碱量对纸浆性能有显著影响。相对8%NaOH （相对于绝干原料）化学预处理，采用14%NaOH化学预处理结合两段浆浓22%的高浓磨浆工艺，所制半化学浆抄造浆张的裂断长和环压指数分别达2.89 km和9.76 N·m/g，是前者的1.9倍和1.2倍，而且优于现用国内OCC废纸浆抄造浆张；生产试验得到的浆张性能指标与实验室相吻合，其中紧度和环压强度分别达到GB/T 13023—2008瓦楞芯（原）纸AA级和A级优等品要求。     

Simulation and energy optimization of the stabilizer tower of a pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation unit

Energy optimization of second distillation tower of a pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation unit has been studied by the thermal cycle of vapor recompression method. The mentioned cycle is connected to the second distillation tower of the stabilizer of pyrolysis gasoline, and the results are found promising. The composite pinch curve for both the current and the optimized methods are shown. Moreover, an increase in the heat transfer rate in heat exchanger E-1014 causes energy recovery in reboiler. According to simulation results, by vapor recompression to 1970 kPa and using this heat source for thermal integration, condenser and reboiler’s energies are decreased by 56.93 and 30.4 percentage, respectively.     

Slag eye formation in single and dual bottom purged industrial steelmaking ladles

ABSTRACT

Argon gas is often injected from the bottom of the ladle during steel refining operations. The injected gas interacts with the liquid (metal and slag) bath and enhances the momentum, heat, and mass transfer rate in the melt. However, during these gas–liquid interactions, an opening of the slag layer called slag eye is formed, which exposes the molten metal surface to the atmosphere, which is generally undesirable. In the current work, a transient, three-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the turbulent gas–liquid interactions in single as well as dual bottom blown industrial steelmaking ladles. A Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) model is used for tracking the steel-argon, steel-slag, and argon-slag interfaces, from which the slag-eye area has been predicted. It is found that the inlet gas purging rate, melt height, slag layer thickness, angular and radial positions of the gas inlets affect the slag opening area. Non-dimensional empirical correlations are proposed to predict the slag opening area in both single as well as dual purged ladles, using non-linear regression analysis.     

提高米糠油中谷维素含量的脱酸工艺研究

对米糠油进行脱蜡和磷酸-草酸辅助水化脱胶,再联合碱炼脱酸、蒸馏脱酸两段脱酸工艺进行脱酸,研究碱炼脱酸保留酸价以及两段脱酸工艺对谷维素留存率的影响。以谷维素含量、脱酸率、精炼率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面试验优化脱酸工艺。结果表明,原油酸价(KOH)为22～25 mg/g时,碱炼脱酸保留酸价(KOH)取5 mg/g,原油酸价(KOH)为27～33 mg/g时,保留酸价(KOH)取6 mg/g,原油酸价(KOH)为35～37 mg/g时,保留酸价(KOH)取7 mg/g,谷维素留存率较高。米糠油碱炼脱酸的最佳工艺条件为温度25℃,时间22 min,碱液质量分数16. 91%,加碱量为理论碱量加0. 1%的超碱量;蒸馏脱酸的最佳工艺条件为温度225℃,时间86 min,真空度0. 098 MPa。在最佳工艺条件下,碱炼脱酸后谷维素含量为2. 05%,脱酸率为77. 78%,精炼率为80. 05%;蒸馏脱酸后谷维素含量由2. 05%升高到2. 16%,接近原油(2. 15%),脱酸率为90. 83%,精炼率为92. 42%。     

胭脂萝卜籽油精炼与理化性质分析

以冷榨的胭脂萝卜籽毛油为原料,分别考察了不同因素对水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色与加热真空脱臭等过程精炼效果的影响,并对油脂的理化性质进行了分析。结果表明:水化脱胶的条件为温度75℃、磷酸添加量0.4%、加水量5%,脱胶率为90.1%;碱炼脱酸的参数为碱炼初温40℃、碱液浓度16 °Bé、超碱量0.3%,脱酸率为93.7%;活性白土为脱色吸附剂,在添加量0.3%、温度80℃、时间50 min时,脱色率为83.5%;在170℃下加热真空脱臭1.5 h得到无气味的精炼油;精炼油的折光指数1.468±0.001、碘值(98.5±0.6)g/100 g、酸值0.28 mg KOH·g-1等各项指标均符合二级菜籽油和萝卜籽油标准。     

中低温煤焦油基炭微球的制备

通过馏分切割、温和加氢相结合对中低温煤焦油进行精制处理，精制后的原料采用分级热聚制备中间相炭微球。考察了精制处理条件对原料性质、中间相炭微球宏观外貌及微晶结构的影响。采用FTIR、GC-MS、族组成、元素分析对原料进行表征，采用SEM、XRD对中间相炭微球进行表征。结果表明：中低温煤焦油中300～430℃馏分油是制备中间相炭微球的较佳馏分。300～430℃馏分油中正庚烷可溶物（HS）质量分数高达84.76%，吡啶不溶物（PI）质量分数低至0.23%，杂原子含量低，芳烃化合物的环数为2～4环。300～430℃馏分油在T_H=350℃、p=8MPa、t=1.5h、剂油比1∶40（质量比）的条件下温和加氢得到的精制原料，经420℃热聚6h得制备的中间相炭微球宏观外貌、微晶结构较好。中低温煤焦油基炭微球的粒径范围为5～15μm，小球表面光滑，微观结构为地球仪型，经1450℃高温煅烧后，石墨化度达到12.33%。