Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

东濮凹陷马寨滑脱断层的形成机制及地质意义

滑脱断层作为一种独特的地质现象，在国内外含油气盆地中都有发现，本文运用钻井，区域地质等资料，对东濮凹陷马寨滑脱断层的形成机制及其地质意义进行了研究，结果认为：形成滑脱断层需具备斜坡，塑性岩体和区域构造应力场3个基本条件，滑脱断层面之下油气富集程度较高，之上较差，马寨滑脱断层的发现，。不仅丰富和发展了地质构造理论，而且加深了对东濮凹陷石油地质规律的认识。     

Study of trace elements in coal and mining wastes and its significance in China

In the world energy about 26% of all was dedved from coal combustion. Nearly 80% of the electricity produced in China is generated from coal. Coal will play the most important role in the coming 50 years as the past century in China. However one consequentially of the mining and combustion of coal is the mobilization of trace elements, especially trace metals, which have environmental and human health significance. Information on concentrations and distributions of potentially toxic elements in coal, and information On the modes of occurrence of these elements and the relations of the minerals in coal can help to predict the behavior of the potentially toxic trace metals dudng cleaning, combustion, weathering, and leaching.     

关于职业技术学院英语教学的思考

为了适应新形势、新需求，根据职业技术教育的实践，探讨如何调动学生英语学习的积极性，激发学生的学习动力，以改变被动学习和由此而产生的逆反心态，使英语学习收到好的效果。     

粉细砂与混凝土接触面强度影响因素显著性分析

土与混凝土接触面剪切强度是研究土与混凝土接触面力学特性的重要参数,是解释土与混凝土相互作用问题的理论基础,为探究含水率、干密度及法向应力对粉细砂与混凝土接触面剪切强度的影响,开展不同含水率、干密度及法向应力工况下粉细砂与混凝土接触面直剪试验研究。结果表明:三种试验因素对粉细砂与混凝土接触面剪切强度影响的主次顺序为法向应力＞含水率＞干密度;粉细砂与混凝土接触面剪切应力－剪切位移关系曲线在低法向应力下表现出应变软化特性,在高法向应力下呈现出应变硬化特性;粉细砂与混凝土接触面在高法向应力下形成一定厚度的剪切带,且剪切带厚度和面积随着法向应力的增加而增大;在一定干密度下,粉细砂－混凝土接触面剪切强度在不同法向应力作用下随含水率的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在粉细砂最优含水率附近接触面剪切强度达到极大值,且这种变化趋势随法向应力的增大而愈发显著。     

改进的粗糙集属性权重确定方法

改进属性重要度概念,给出了一种基于粗糙集理论的单属性重要度和组合属性重要度结合的确定属性权重的方法及其具体操作步骤。通过实例说明,改进的粗糙集权重计算方法具有普适性,权重计算更合理。     

一种基于区分矩阵的属性组合权重构造方法

详细分析了以基于Pawlak的属性重要度来构造属性权重的方法存在的问题,给出了一种基于区分矩阵的属性重要度的定义方法,并且得到了该定义方法的一些重要性质。在此基础上提出了一种新的信息系统属性权重构造方法,新方法是以条件属性在整个信息系统中的贡献度来确定属性权重,不仅反映了属性自身区分对象的能力,而且体现了各属性在整个条件属性中的分类能力。通过算例分析表明,该方法得到的属性权重更加贴近事实,因此它能提高属性权重的准确度。     

基于粒计算的属性约简改进算法

粒计算是基于问题求解、模式分类及信息处理的多层次粒结构分析方法,它是粗糙集、模糊集、数据挖掘以及人工智能等多领域交叉的一门新学科。在讨论知识粒度的基本概念和性质后,介绍了通过计算属性对约简核的重要度SigCore(A)(a)来进行信息系统约简的方法。考虑到有的信息系统没有约简核,提出了基于粒计算的约简算法的改进。改进后的算法既可以用于有约简核的系统,也可以用于没有约简核的系统。数值实验证实了算法的有效性。     

我国生物质能源的开发和前景

随着社会的发展,人类对能源的需求越来越多,但是地球上化石资源的储藏量逐渐减少,对人类生存提出了挑战,寻找开发新型能源已迫在眉睫。生物质能源是仅次于煤、石油和天然气居于世界能源消费总量第4位的能源,并且是可再生的能源,发展生物质能源是应对日益严重的能源和环境问题的必由之路,生物质能源的发展有广阔的前景。介绍了发展生物质能源的意义、我国生物质能源的发展状况以及生物质能源的主要形式和生产方法。     

基于内容重要性的Storyline可视化局部变形框架

针对Storyline可视化局部放大问题,提出一种基于内容重要性的局部变形框架.首先对可视化领域中局部变形技术进行对比和分析;然后给出了Storyline可视化可视元素及其重要性计算方法,并对重要性较大的实体元素进行放大显示,在高斯函数的指导下对重要会话元素进行局部放大和过渡平滑处理,根据不同位置的权重对线条进行重新定位;最后以Inception交互会话数据为实验数据,将该方法应用到Storyline可视化视图中.实验结果表明,文中方法能够在有限的显示空间中对Storyline可视化视图的整体结构和局部详细信息同时进行协调、友好的可视化.