含齿形裂隙类岩石材料单轴压缩试验研究

为研究含齿形裂隙岩石在单轴压缩下的破坏特征及强度特性，制作了含不同裂隙倾角和起伏角的齿形裂隙类岩石材料试件，并采用岩石力学伺服试验机进行单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）试件主要产生拉伸、剪切和拉剪复合裂纹，且根据裂纹的扩展路径可划分为A型（拉伸破坏）、B型（剪切破坏）、C型（复合破坏）3种破坏模式，裂隙倾角对试件最终破坏模式影响显著；（2）当裂隙倾角较小时，试件应力—应变曲线为多峰曲线，随着裂隙倾角的增大，曲线呈单峰形式，表现为延性减弱，脆性增强，而裂隙倾角相同但起伏角不同的试件应力—应变曲线大致相同；（3）当裂隙起伏角相同时，试件当量峰值强度随裂隙倾角的增大呈先减小后增大的规律，且裂隙起伏角对试件当量峰值强度的影响小于裂隙倾角。     

复卷机伺服张力控制系统设计及优化

本研究通过对复卷机工艺流程进行分析,分别对纸幅张力、速度和纠偏的控制系统进行了设计及优化,采用罗克韦尔PLC作为主控制器,结合伺服驱动器和伺服电机等,实现对纸幅张力的稳定控制。该控制系统在实际生产中取得了良好的控制效果,张力调整时间由之前的10 s缩短到5 s内,并且无超调量。     

基于人群搜索自抗扰控制的放卷张力控制系统

针对轧染机放卷运行中张力波动的问题,提出将自抗扰控制(ADRC)与人群搜索算法(SOA)相结合进行张力控制的方法。通过分析放卷张力系统,建立放卷张力系统数学模型,采用自抗扰控制方法推导得到解耦模型,利用人群搜索算法对自抗扰控制器中的主要参数进行在线调整,并建立人群搜索自抗扰控制器。通过与PID控制器仿真实验对比表明,所建立的控制器能够使放卷张力系统实现解耦控制,保证放卷张力系统的恒张力稳定运行,并且提升了放卷张力系统的抗干扰性能。     

电驱液压式大截面导线压接设备自动化研究

现有的压接设备可控性差、操作复杂,导致压接质量因人而异。针对此问题,提出了基于DDVC技术的导线压接设备自动化控制方案,建立了速度控制系统数学模型,应用Simulink进行仿真,分析系统性能。建立了基于DEFORM的耐张线夹压接实验模型,获得了耐张线夹压接的最佳加载速度曲线,并以此作为压接设备速度控制系统的Simulink仿真模型输入,对压接过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明:开环控制时系统存在一定的超调,加入PID控制后可有效抑制超调;所设计的压接设备可很好地跟随最佳压接曲线,跟随误差仅为0. 904 mm·s-1。研究成果对改进压接设备、提高压接质量提供了新的解决方案。     

Bitumen-water interfacial tension modeling by using subtractive clustering method

Calculation of interfacial tension during bitumen production is a crucial issue in heavy crude oil history. Upon variation in pressure, temperature and phases composition, interfacial tension between bitumen and water change. In this work a sophisticated method called subtractive clustering was utilized to predict dynamic interfacial tension between bitumen and water. The subtractive clustering method is composed of optimized fuzzy logic algorithm. A data bank which is collected from open-source literature, is used to create a reliable model. Then the prediction accuracy of the measured dynamic interfacial tension using subtractive clustering have been examined. Results state that the comparison of measured interfacial tension and predicted interfacial tension indicate acceptable accuracy of proposed model. Also more than 90 percent of data points have less than 3 percent absolute error.     

Spiraling elliptic breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media with linear anisotropy

The dynamical properties of spiraling elliptic breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media with linear anisotropy are analytically discussed. Using a two-dimensional asynchronous fractional Fourier transform, the exact analytical solutions of spiraling elliptic breathers are obtained to the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with unequal diffraction coefficients in the highly nonlocal limit. It is found that the spiraling elliptic breathers exhibit a kind of molecule-like libration due to the combined effects of the linear anisotropy and the orbital angular momentum. The angular velocity of the spiraling elliptic breathers is discussed, which can be controlled by the linear anisotropy parameter. In the media with linear anisotropy such as uniaxial crystals, the angular velocity of the spiraling elliptic breathers can be controlled by changing the propagation directions of optical beams. Furthermore, the nonlinearity of media is found to enhance the rotation effect of spiraling elliptic breathers.     

基于P波模量的原位胶结充填体强度预测模型研究

原位胶结充填体质量评价通常采用单轴抗压强度作为表征指标,由于在现场工程中无法快速、准确获取充填体的强度值,因此需要建立一种参数易于获取且准确的原位胶结充填体强度预测模型。基于胶结充填体物理力学参数的内在联系,从量纲平衡的角度探索了胶结充填体单轴抗压强度与P波模量的关系。根据C矿和I矿两种原位胶结充填体的密度、P波速度及取芯强度的测试数据,采用线性拟合的方法获得了基于P波模量的原位胶结充填体强度预测模型。通过对C矿和I矿的强度预测模型拟合效果分析可知,P波模量与取芯强度呈正相关性,且拟合效果较好,证明原位胶结充填体强度预测模型精度高,具有很强的实用性。     

含V型相交裂隙岩体的力学特性及破坏模式试验

为深入了解V型相交裂隙岩体试件的力学特性和裂纹演化规律,采用MTS815电液伺服控制试验机对含不同夹角V型相交裂隙岩体试件进行了常规单轴压缩试验,基于试验结果,详细分析了试件的应力-应变曲线、强度与变形特性、裂纹演化与破坏模式及能量耗散特征。研究结果表明:①裂隙试件的应力-应变曲线进入裂纹萌生与扩展阶段早于完整试件,在峰前出现了明显的应力降现象,在峰后破坏阶段,完整试件表现为应力-应变曲线的快速跌落,而裂隙试件呈现台阶状多阶段性跌落,甚至缓慢水平下降,体现出明显的延性破坏特征;②裂隙试件的峰值应力、弹性模量和峰值应变均有明显减小。峰值强度和弹性模量随裂隙夹角的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势。轴向峰值应变主要受裂隙夹角的影响,总体随夹角的增大呈线性减小的趋势;③裂隙的存在能够完全改变岩体试件的破坏模式,随着裂隙夹角的逐渐增加,裂隙试件破坏模式的演化过程为:台阶式张拉-剪切复合破坏(30°)→张拉-八字形剪切复合破坏(60°)→台阶式平行双斜面剪切破坏(90°)。当裂隙夹角为60°时,试件的裂纹演化和破坏模式体现出对加载方向近似的结构对称性特征;④相交裂隙试件单轴压缩破坏的弹性应变能、耗散能、总能量和能量耗散率均较完整试件有大幅度的减小。裂隙试件产生的裂纹数量越多,试件表面的脱落现象越明显,耗散能和能量耗散率也越大。拉-剪复合破坏比单纯剪切破坏要消耗更多的能量。试件的破坏特征和破坏模式能很好地反映试件的能量耗散特性。     

Effect of Nanoparticles on Viscosity and Interfacial Tension of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions at High Salinity and High Temperature

Surfactant flooding has widely been used as one of the chemically enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Surfactants majorly influence the interfacial tension, γ, between oil and brine phase and control capillary number and relative permeability behavior and, thus, influence ultimate recovery. Additives, such as nanoparticles, are known to affect surfactant properties and are regarded as promising EOR agents. However, their detailed interactions with surfactants are not well understood. Thus, in this work, we examined the influence of silica nanoparticles on the ability of surfactants to lower γ and to increase viscosity at various temperatures and salinities. Results show that the presence of nanoparticles decreased γ between n-decane and various surfactant formulations by up to 20%. It was found that γ of nanoparticles–surfactant solutions passed through a minimum at 35 °C when salt was added. Furthermore, the viscosity of cationic surfactant solutions increased at specific salt (1.5 wt.%) and nanoparticle (0.05 wt.%) concentrations. Results illustrate that selected nanoparticles–surfactant formulations appear very promising for EOR as they can lower brine/n-decane interfacial tension and act as viscosity modifiers of the injected fluids.