FRAME BUILDING IN BERMUDA: ENGLISH CARPENTRY GONE NATIVE

Early-modern timber framing and associated finish vary significantly among the countless places settled by Europeans and Africans in the age of exploration. Most of these dots on maps of the western hemisphere remain essentially unstudied, as evidence for their vernacular architecture slips away. This is of more than local interest because the material offers opportunities to investigate how related populations share and alter cultural traits, and how the traits evolve in response to degrees of immigration, value of labour, environmental conditions and trade. This paper focuses on one of the dots, presenting new evidence for frame construction on the small British island of Bermuda, and addresses its role in the population’s economic evolution.     

The significance of the sword

Human aggression affects and is affected by the environment. The study of militaria can illuminate questions of social change and choice. Knowledge of history should modify behaviour.     

英国食品GDAs标签的发展经验及对中国的启发

对英国食品每日摄入量指南（GDAs）标签开展案例研究，结果发现，GDAs标签从包装背面标签转为FOP标签，实施已有20年以上。该标签采用特定营养素体系度量法模型，显示每份食品能量、糖、脂肪、饱和脂肪、盐的含量及其每日参考摄入量占比，既没有颜色编码又没有形象的图标显示，且实施效果不如多数FOP标签。对此，中国可考虑将营养成分表信息以食品份量单位直观显示在包装正面，方便消费者关注与理解。     

Undergraduate studies in energy education – A comparative study of Greek and British courses

Undergraduate energy education in Greece is compared with relevant accredited courses of the United Kingdom, with the aim to transfer good practices applied in the latter for the development and improvement of the Greek courses. Despite the encouraging prospects for energy engineering courses, the situation in Greece seems declining, with only one course being offered in this period. The (unique) Greek course seems to share the same basis with the majority of the British accredited courses, but also a few peculiarities that could be amended for the improvement of the course.     

International Rivers as Boundaries

Abstract

International rivers serve a number of purposes, the most obvious are the navigational and non-navigational uses. Less noticed is the fact that international rivers are also used to delimit boundaries between nations. The immediate question that would arise is: Where are such boundaries actually drawn across the river? Boundaries, however, are established by treaties and the answer to this question is often included in the interpretation of treaties delimiting such water boundaries, taking into account the special characteristics of the international river. Indeed, this has been the case regarding the boundaries across the Chobe river between Botswana and Namibia. Determining where such boundaries lie would result in deciding to whom a disputed Island, the Kasikili/Sedudu, belongs. In a praiseworthy step, the two countries agreed to take their dispute over the Island, after failure to resolve it through negotiations, to the International Court of Justice. This paper discusses the uses of international rivers as boundaries, and reviews the dispute between Botswana and Namibia, and the decision of the Court thereon.     

国外地质勘探报告解读要点

对国内外地质勘探报告中确定地基容许承载力的方法进行了对比，并对地基承栽力的修正系数进行了分析。     

英国食品监督检查良好实践研究

英国在食品监督检查方面有着许多良好的方法值得国内的学习和借鉴,本文通过介绍英国食品监督检查手段和分析实例数据,总结其监督检查实践经验,从而提出适合中国食品监管的合理建议。首先,简述了英国食品安全现行法律法规、相兲食品监管部门,以及食品监管部门的权职划分,详述了主要监管手段干预(特别是检查工作)的具体内容,以及基于风险的干预分级和干预频率。然后对英联邦地区近年的实例数据迚行了搜集和分析,其中包括:2016~2017各类干预工作执行的数量情况;2014~2017 3个年度检查和采样检验数量的变化情况;2014~20173个年度食品监管部门为各地区食品企业配备的检查员数量情况。同时,分析了检查和采样检验数量之间的兲系及其对食品安全的影响。最后,基于英国食品监督检查良好实践,结合国内食品监管具体情况总结了经验,幵提出了迚一步优化食品安全管理的建议。     

英国斯塔德利皇家园林及方廷斯修道院园林艺术及影响

历史园林以其历史性和艺术性成为广泛关注的艺术园林作品。英国斯塔德利皇家园林及方廷斯修道院是18世纪以来仍保存良好、历史悠久的极少数历史园林之一,是研究英国自然风景园发展与历史建筑的优秀案例,经过多年的发展,已经成为杰出的公共绿地。通过对该园的历史发展过程、景观与建筑要素、设计手法及其产生的影响进行深入分析,其影响主要为该园反映了风景园的发展风潮,是研究英国历史建筑的重要案例,世界文化遗产的杰出代表以及当代乡村绿色开放空间。     

记两例英国旧建筑改造

本文概括介绍了英国的两个获RIBA奖的小规模旧建筑改造的例子，探讨了改造中值得借鉴的一些方法和技巧，同时透过改造方案考察他们对旧建筑的基本态度和利用方式，以期给国内的类似项目以有益的启发。     

英国城市规划近年来的发展动态

本文介绍了近十年来在应对全球化和可持续发展战略需要的背景条件下，英国城市规划领域在规划的指导思想和内容、行政管理体制以及规划编制体系方面的变化，这种变化已经使得英国在对城市发展的态度、规划的内容和体系结构以及具体方法等方面，与先前的英国规划体系有了较大的差别。