Ethics,society, and technology: A Confucian role ethics perspective

This essay provides a very brief overview of Confucian ethics that focuses on the role-based morality. It compares Confucian ethics with two dominant schools of thought in Western ethics deontology and consequentialism. This essay then discusses how Confucian ethics provides a unique way to think about social and political issues such as how the political leaders are selected and evaluated, the ethical justification of political legitimacy, the prioritization of economic, social, and cultural rights over other rights, and moral egalitarianism. Finally, this essay explores the ways in which Confucian ethics serves as a useful intellectual resource for examining the issues arising from the ethical assessment of (emerging) technologies and the professional formation of engineers. The Appendix of this essay includes some teaching resources that instructors can employ to teach students about ethics, society, and technology from a Confucian role ethics perspective.     

From Flood Land to New Urban Area: Water Adaptation History and Visions for Daodi Flood Land in the West of Beijing

Daodi Flood Land, located in Mentougou District of Beijing, is a relatively separate flood land in the lower reaches and on the east of Yonding River. This largest landscape character area in the west of Beijing along the river illustrates the history of human–water interaction and discloses the trends and problems of rural urbanization. Focusing on Daodi Flood Land, this paper expands the research on adaptation by introducing basic concepts and research framework, and reviews the research trends from spatial, temporal, and participant aspects. Considering the typical characters of the study area, this research employed participatory approaches, such as mapping and problem and solution trees, due to the lack of continuous and accurate data. Basing on literature review and field investigation on issues of floods, agricultural irrigation, and water resource utilization, water adaptive development visions for the study area were proposed from perspectives of landscape and culture. Finally, the paper further analyzes the structural relations between adaptation problems, natural and social systems, passive and active adaptations, and planned and unplanned adaptations, with the aim to provide reference for relevant studies and applications of adaptation approaches in other cases.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated pathogens from patients with contact lens-related bacterial keratitis in Crete,Greece: A ten-year analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens isolated from contact lens-related bacterial keratitis cases in a large academic Greek hospital.MethodsAll adult patients with positive corneal scrapings or contact lens culture between 2007 and 2016 at the University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece, were retrospectively identified through a local microbiology database and their medical records were reviewed.ResultsA total of 240 isolates were recovered from 131 patients with culture-proven contact lens-associated bacterial keratitis. The most common microorganism identified was Serratia marcescens (17.1% of total isolates), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Rates of aztreonam-resistant P. aeruginosa and erythromycin-resistant CoNS decreased in recent years, while the decrease in oxacillin-resistant CoNS was statistically significant (p=0.009). More than 90% of the isolated organisms (S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and CoNS) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin or gentamicin.ConclusionGram-negative microorganisms are the most common causative pathogens of contact lens-related keratitis in the region of Crete. Topical antibacterials containing quinolones or gentamicin represent an effective empirical treatment for the majority of the cases. This is quite encouraging, considering that the present study was conducted in a country characterised by high antimicrobial resistance rates. However, culture-driven antimicrobial treatment is mandatory for this sight-threatening infection.     

传统手工艺中“拙”文化在包装设计中的应用

基于文化自信政策感召,挖掘传统手工艺中深层次的拙文化表现理念,从古拙淳朴的表现方式、生态观念、意境美学、技艺传承等角度结合现代包装设计理念进行分析;通过对传统手工艺与现代包装设计的特征进行分析提炼,在两者诸多相通领域进行互动研究,通过一系列具体的方式方法探究,为融合之途径进行论述。     

两种不同培养工艺制备森林脑炎灭活疫苗的免疫原性及安全性评价

目的评价细胞工厂工艺制备森林脑炎灭活疫苗的免疫原性及安全性。方法利用10 L转瓶和细胞工厂两种工艺在地鼠肾细胞上培养森林脑炎病毒(tick-borne encephalitis virus,TBEV),收获病毒液,经病毒灭活、超滤浓缩、柱层析纯化、除菌过滤后,制备森林脑炎灭活疫苗。采用透射电子显微镜及SDS-PAGE对病毒进行形态观察及鉴定。将两种工艺共制备的6批疫苗免疫小白鼠,评价疫苗的免疫原性;通过家兔刺激试验及豚鼠主动过敏性试验评价疫苗的安全性。结果两种工艺共制备的6批疫苗原液,透射电镜下观察均可见约为50 nm的圆形病毒颗粒,SDS-PAGE分析均可见相对分子质量分别为50 000和40 000~45 000的蛋白条带,病毒形态及蛋白条带大小均与TBEV相符;免疫保护指数均大于1. 0×10~5,符合《中国药典》三部(2015版)标准;家兔刺激试验对注射部位无刺激性,豚鼠主动过敏试验无小鼠出现过敏性反应。结论细胞工厂工艺和10 L转瓶工艺制备的森林脑炎灭活疫苗均具有良好的免疫原性及安全性。     

楚服在现代网络游戏中的应用研究

民族文化与网络游戏文化的跨界融合,既是一种流行趋势,更是一种新型文化产业链形成的标志。文章将博大精深的楚服艺术特征与现代网络游戏相结合,通过大量楚文化背景的网络游戏的调研与分析,重点研究楚服在现代网络游戏中的应用现状以及主要表现形式。可以看出,楚服在现代网络游戏中的应用广泛却又不够严谨,同时出现表现手法单一,应用形式肤浅等问题。如何在符合现代玩家审美的前提下,有效地、正确地传承传统文化是现代网络游戏开发中必须重视的问题。     

演绎都市--关于"2002上海双年展策展方案"的几点注解

本文以2002上海双年展主策展人的独特视角,分析了这次双年展以个体思考与群体讨论相结合的策展模式:并从全球化和都市化背景下对都市生活和都市文化的关注,介绍了策展对象、策展内容以及策展主题的确定。最后还分析了在“都市营造”的主题下引发的关于“都市性的审视,都市的文化身份,跨文化的空间,新艺术的家园”等学术问题的探讨。     

船屋文化：海南黎族传统民居探源

从文化心理行为模式的角度对黎族民居空间及造型形成过程进行了探讨。认为人类在塑造自己生存立足的场所时一直伴随着对意义的追求，人赋予建筑的表征意义在很大程度上决定了建筑空间及造型的可识别性特性，构成了场所感，成为特定地域、特定场所的一种文化“原型”识别性标志。     

摩梭文化习俗影响下的摩梭民居

民居是特定地域社会文化的映射,位于我国云南省宁蒗县与四川省盐源县交界处存在着一个至今还保持着母系氏族大家庭的"国度"--"摩梭女儿国".摩梭村寨中的摩梭民居介入和融合了摩梭文化习俗,形成了独特的建筑文化圈.该文对摩梭村落选址聚落、摩梭民居类型、居室功能、基本构造和建筑装饰及其民俗承传作了初步研究.     

甘青川滇藏区传统地域建筑文化的多元性

特殊的地理和文化区位造成了甘青川滇藏区建筑文化的多元性特征,而建筑文化的多样性是形成本地区传统地域建筑丰富类型的重要因素,同时,丰富的建筑类型也是文化多样性在建筑领域的集中体现.对历史沿革、文化背景与西藏地区有着显著差异的甘青川滇藏区的传统地域建筑进行深入研究,不仅有助于西藏建筑研究和解决西北及西南地区建筑研究中某些跨区域问题,也可深化对整个藏区建筑格局的认识.