基于公众参与地理信息系统的城市绿地体力活动与建成环境特征相关性研究——以哈尔滨市为例

通过自行开发的公众参与地理信息系统(PPGIS)微信程序获取哈尔滨冬春交季时段居民绿地体力活动的空间定位信息,结合以百度开放地图、脉策数据网等渠道获取的哈尔滨绿地类型、规模、形态等规划特征,和住宅小区、交通路网、商娱设施等建成环境特征信息,利用叠图可视化分析法,在明晰绿地体力活动空间分布规律的基础上,识别影响体力活动的绿地建成环境特征。研究发现,哈尔滨冬春交季时段居民绿地体力活动的空间范围覆盖面广但分布集中;绿地的环线区位、类型、规模和形态等规划特征和其周边住宅小区、交通路网、公交站点、商娱设施及附带商业开发的风景名胜资源等这些所在地的建成环境特征对体力活动影响显著。以上结论从居民日益增长的体力活动需求视角出发,为城市绿地及建成环境更新提供理论依据,致力于通过提升绿地服务效率来提高体力活动到访率,从而提升全民健康体质,将"健康中国"理念落地为绿地空间规划实践。     

基于PPGIS的场所依恋综合测量方法 探索——以长春水文化生态园为例

场所依恋理论作为当代人-地情感联结研究的核心, 是增强人与场所情感联系、提升居民归属感和身份认同感的重 要切入点。然而场所依恋传统测量方法因情感数据与空间数据 的脱节,较难探讨场所依恋强度的空间分异特点,其测量结果 也难以直接指导实际的规划与管理。为此,在总结形成基于 PPGIS的场所依恋综合测量方法框架的基础上,以长春水文 化生态园为例开展场所依恋的多维度综合测量和可视化制图, 并基于语义分析解析同类型空间场所依恋强度差异的原因。以 期从情感数据、场所意义和空间数据相结合的角度为场所依恋 理论在风景园林领域的应用提供方法支撑。     

Discussion of the Difficulties of PPGIS Realization

大众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS）属于GIS技术应用之一,主要强调普通民众的群体参与,以帮助政府、规划等职能部门更好地进行决策和计划。本文着重从技术、公众权利保障性、数据三个方面论述了实现PPGIS项目中主要的难点和核心问题。     

A Web-based Public Participation GIS for assessing the age-friendliness of cities: A case study in Tehran,Iran

Senior citizens are commonly regarded as the vulnerable class of society; requiring elderly-friendly urban environments as well as particular municipal services to respond to their specific needs. This study proceeds to design a PPGIS (Public Participation GIS) by means of integrating VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information), GIS and MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Analysis) techniques aiming to evaluate the age-friendliness of cities. The proposed PPGIS assesses the age-friendliness of cities through integrating certain criteria weights determined by the elderly with VGI collected by regular citizens. The system was used to create the age-friendliness map of district # 6 of Tehran, Iran. The resulting map shows that the center of the district is more age-friendly than the other areas. Based on the evaluation results, the majority of citizens found the system to be a suitable tool for evaluating the age-friendliness of the city, collecting VGI related to the elderly’s urban environment and helping urban planners improve the age-friendliness of the city. Nonetheless, a rather small percentage of citizens concur that: (i) the PPGIS is a suitable tool for persuading citizens to participate in the city age-friendliness assessment and that (ii) the PPGIS provides a reliable way for assessing the age-friendliness of cities.     

Social Landscape Metrics: Measures for Understanding Place Values from Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS)

Landscape metrics are used in landscape ecology to quantify landscape characteristics related to structure, function and change by quantifying the structure and distributional pattern of landscape elements such as plants, animals and other physical landscape features. To date, there has been little published research on landscape metrics that include social perceptions of landscape. In this paper, we introduce the concept of social landscape metrics that quantify human perceptions of place resulting from the use of public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS). We present and explain a set of social landscape metrics that measure the composition and configuration of human perceptions of landscapes from multiple study areas using empirical data from PPGIS studies. We distinguish between two classes of social landscape metrics, boundary and inductive, present methods to develop them, and describe some of their applications to land use planning and management. We conclude with a discussion of future research needs for advancing knowledge about social landscape metrics.     

An assessment of Public Participation GIS and Web 2.0 technologies in urban planning practice in Canela,Brazil

Recent advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Web 2.0 technologies provide new ways of creating sophisticated Web applications that strengthen social interactions based on comments on online maps, which have the potential to improve Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) practices. In this paper, we address this promising approach to analyze the impact of collaborative Web 2.0 tools applied to PPGIS applications in urban planning actions. We develop a Web 2.0 PPGIS application through free, easy-to-use tools, which consist of a Web mapping service, with eligible geospatial data layers, where users explore and comment. A database stores the contributions in a format supported by GIS. We also set up a prototype version in Canela (Brazil), to test its usability. The results showed that it is a valuable approach for engaging the public. It could promote communication among users and decision makers in a more interactive and straightforward way. Besides, it is easy to set up and understandable by non-experts. The Web 2.0 PPGIS may serve as a social tool for any spatially-related issue involving community members in any context.     

The Landscape Inventory of Galicia (NW Spain): GIS-web and public participation for landscape planning

The European Landscape Convention recognises the importance of public participation for landscape planning in order to capture local knowledge, sensitive issues and conflicts, boost exchanges of information and democratise the process. However, traditional public participation methods are frequently restricted to public exposure at the final stage of the planning process. New public participation movements call for a greater role for the people at all stages. The growing development of ICT and geospatial information technologies provides new means of improving the participation process. This paper describes the public participation procedure and the participation geographic information system used to develop the Landscape Inventory of Galicia, whose results were used for the characterisation of landscape types, the delimitation of special interest areas from the locations identified by citizens and the definition of special attention areas from the degraded areas located by population.     

基于公众参与地理信息系统的城市近代公园文化服务评估研究——以上海复兴公园为例

为了建立上海近代公园文化服务指标体系 , 探究上海近代公园文化服务价值与空间分布规律,根据“千年生态系统评估报告”（MA）,采用 SPICED 指标框架建立针对上海近代公园的文化服务评估指标体系;通过自主开发的公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS） APP 收集、分析公众对文化服务的评估意见,对复兴公园不同文化服务类型、文化服务和使用者、文化服务和公园景点空间分别进行相关性分析。研究发现,复兴公园作为近代公园,其文化服务主要体现为休闲游憩,历史遗产价值公众认知度不高;文化服务的空间分布具有差异性,公园景点空间类型与文化服务存在相关性;某些文化服务之间存在正、负两面的相关性;最后提出对近代公园更新发展策略的思考。研究基于 PPGIS 技术提高了上海近代公园保护工作的公众参与度,将文化服务评估应用于空间规划具有新意。     

Crowdsourcing Bike Share Station Locations

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Planners increasingly involve stakeholders in co-producing vital planning information by crowdsourcing data using online map-based commenting platforms. Few studies, however, investigate the role and impact of such online platforms on planning outcomes. We evaluate the impact of participant input via a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS), a platform to suggest the placement of new bike share stations in New York City (NY) and Chicago (IL). We conducted 2 analyses to evaluate how close planners built new bike share stations to those suggested on PPGIS platforms. According to our proximity analysis, only a small percentage of built stations were within 100 feet (30?m) of suggested stations, but our geospatial analysis showed a substantial clustering of suggested and built stations in both cities that was not likely due to random distribution. We found that the PPGIS platforms have great promise for creating genuine co-production of planning knowledge and insights and that system planners did take account of the suggestions offered online. We did not, however, interview planners in either system, and both cities may be atypical, as is bike share planning; moreover, multiple factors influence where bike stations can be located, so not all suggested stations could be built.

Takeaway for practice: Planners can use PPGIS and similar platforms to help stakeholders learn by doing and to increase their own local knowledge to improve planning outcomes. Planners should work to develop better online participatory systems and to allow stakeholders to provide more and better data, continuing to evaluate PPGIS efforts to improve the transparency and legitimacy of online public involvement processes.     

基于体力活动服务供需平衡的城市公园布局评估与优化研究 — —以深圳市三区为例

城市公园绿地作为户外体力活动的 首选场所,可有效降低慢性疾病发病率, 实 现“未病先治”的健康理念。研究从体力活动 服务供需平衡的视角,以多源数据空间可视 化方法,对深圳市三区的综合公园和社区公 园布局的评估和优化。首先,基于自主研发的 移动端公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS）获取 体力活动VGI数据,并将其空间可视化形成为 服务供给压力分级图。其次,基于高德地图 开放平台获取POI数据,并将其空间可视化形 成为服务需求压力分级图。最后,将服务供给压力分级图和服务需求压力分级图进行叠图可视化分析,获得服务盲区,依此对城市公园空间 布局进行优化调整。本研究旨在促进“绿体结合”,满足人们日益增长的休闲体力活动需求。