跨学科对话的思考——以“初诣”传统与明治神宫营建关系的讨论为例

于文化的合流,是景观学科与文化人类学对话的基础。但如何规避静态文化表象的陷阱,统合宏观与微观视角是今后工作的课题。从这一问题意识出发,通过讨论日本初诣传统与明治神宫营建之间的互动关系,揭示影响景观生成的多种互动因素,同时提示对景观实践本身的关注为未来跨学科对话提供新可能。被视为日本传统的初诣的确立与明治神宫的营建,其互相成就的动态发展过程展示了"空间"与"场所"的"调和",并体现了对景观实践反身性思考的重要性。明治神宫的林苑营建,在争议中确立"森林美学",创造了初诣亲身体验的物质性基础。明治神宫背后的美学价值的建立与初诣传统的确立,共同传达了在日本近代化进程中,其遭遇西方文化冲击时对自我的求索。     

景观研究的文化转向与景观人类学

"景观"起源于地表形态研究,并作为地理学基本研究视野,经历了"区域特性""人地关系""文化史"等研究主旨的转换,自20世纪70年代开始出现"文化转向"。存在主义视角下的景观的文化认知,需要以理解性方法解析其地方情感和意义维度,以获取"知觉知识"作为新的研究范式。而几乎同时,文化人类学研究领域的"空间转向"呼应了景观研究的新视野与新方法论需求。由此,在20世纪90年代诞生了景观人类学的研究领域。基于地理学景观研究主旨历史脉络梳理,进一步厘清现象学视角下"景观"的文化现象本质;并由景观"知觉认知"的研究主旨、范式需要,阐释"景观人类学"作为交叉研究领域的研究范畴,以及未来其应用于景观研究实践的潜力。     

新世纪、新视野中的传统民居再研究

该文论述了新世纪中新的文化遗产保护运动厦对传统民居研究的新需求，分析了以往传统民居研究之不足，结合人类文化学、历史学的新方法论成果．提出新世纪民居再研究要解决的重要问题，并以湖南省湘西地匿沅水中上游的“五溪”地区民居为倒初步探讨了民居研究的框架.     

明孝陵禁约碑注译及景观诠释简

规划师、设计师和学者们在对在风景游览过程中规范人们行为的规章很感兴趣。在古代,明孝陵禁约碑的碑文中早已有对陵墓景观管理方面的相关条例。通过对其碑文的注译,探讨碑文的内在含义,研究其出现的时代背景,深入探讨中国文化对于中国人环境态度形成的影响,从而加深对于陵墓景观管理历史的学习,讨论其对于当今文化遗产景观保护与管理指导意义。     

Making and negotiating value: design and collaboration with community led groups

ABSTRACT

Value in collaborative design research and practice can be understood fundamentally as relationships, materials, processes, contexts, and outcomes that are subjects of and for negotiation. We argue for conceptions of value that move beyond traditional ‘outcomes’ based measurements to reimagine and rearticulate value itself as co-created, emerging from negotiation, relationality and immersion in specific contexts. These understandings of value, we argue, are not rooted in or always knowable through designers’ experiences, even as designers participate in creating them. Using case studies from our research we suggest that value in design collaboration emerges as a question: value to whom, and to what end? We propose that addressing these questions ethically through co-design requires actively engaged, grounded work with collaborators based in three principles: being present for the work, participant making, and co-creating capacity for collaborators to ‘go off and do their thing’.     

Making spirits,making art,Nat carving and contemporary painting in pre-transition Myanmar (Burma)

ABSTRACT

Embodiment, materiality, and technology intersect in the production of sacred images where tools, media, and intangible studio protocols inform the production of efficacious things. In Myanmar nat spirits appear in the bodies of costumed spirit mediums and in the intimately tended statues that adorn their altars. Prior to the recent democratic transition, nats appeared as the subjects of paintings, sometimes offering sociopolitical commentaries. This article explores the resonances between technologies of nat making in workshops that produce images for mediums and the techniques deployed by contemporary artists who have made nats the subjects of their paintings. In the Burmese religious world view, nats are lesser entities than the Buddha; their troubled histories of injustice account for their continuing agency as spirits in the human world. Appropriately, nat images are cruder than Buddha images; carvers are less likely to use precious wood or to observe Buddhist precepts and aesthetic guidelines while carving. A similar sense of the unrefined, unsettled nat is conveyed through the daring representational techniques and liberties of artists. We argue that connections between media, technique, and object agency can have resonance when sacred subjects are deployed in secular art.     

Ex-votos in lourdes: contested materiality of miraculous healings

ABSTRACT

The modern Marian shrine in Lourdes (southern France) attracts six million pilgrims every year. While the site is known worldwide for the miracles that occur there, the dominant official discourse hardly recognizes people's miraculous experiences. This ethnographic study focuses on ex-votos, the religious objects by which pilgrims offer their thanks to Mary for working a miracle. These are situated on the contested boundary between pilgrims' lived religion and officially prescribed religion at the Lourdes site. The article aims to understand what power politics are at stake in the handling of ex-votos as well as what motives pilgrims have to leave offerings at the site. This is illustrated by the in-depth analysis of the story of one ex-voto that also shows that the bonds within families, and between families and Mary, are crucial elements of the stories told. By offering an ex-voto, pilgrims not only remember Mary, but also their family and ancestors.     

Culture and ideology in Ian Suttie's theory of mind.

The author discusses the comprehensive outlook that shaped Ian Suttie's psychology. Suttie is seen as a background influence behind the British school of psychoanalysis, and his ideas pervade that school and therefore late-modern notions of the mind. The author describes the formation of Suttie's independent theory, and argues that his project was expressly ideological, as he tried to counter what he saw as the reactionary and disruptive influence of Freud's classical theory. Suttie offered an optimistic perception of the mind, which could serve as the basis for a progressive social policy. This perception was rooted in the outlook of early 20th-century reforming liberalism, whose preferences and prejudices it shares. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

McMaster-Bauer symposium on consciousness.

The McMaster University Brain and Behaviour Research Programme was initiated in 1977 with the purpose of facilitating inter-departmental and inter-faculty discussion and collaborative research concerning brain-behaviour relationships in a broad perspective. It was supported initially, in part, by the John A. Bauer Memorial Fund, which provided resources for guest lectures. In planning the Bauer lecture for 1983, it seemed that a topic in the area of cognitive neuroscience might be suitable, preferably one of a general nature that would be of interest to several disciplines. Consciousness is surely one of the most perplexing of human issues--the question being how the living material of the human brain results in the subjective awareness humankind experiences. It has been a topic considered for centuries by philosophers and psychologists, psychiatrists and physicists, among others. A recent book written by Julian Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, embraced many issues from psychology and neurology to archaeology, anthropology, the classics, and religious studies. Jaynes was invited to give the 1983 Bauer lecture. At the same time, Jonathan Miller was invited to discuss some of the anthropological considerations of Jaynes's thesis; Daniel Dennett agreed to present his philosophical views of Jaynes's notion of the nature and origin of consciousness; and George Ojemann discussed the neurological aspects of Jaynes's theory. Included here are Jaynes's original lecture, entitled "Consciousness and the voices of the mind"; an open discussion with questions from the audience; the discussions by Miller, Dennett, and Ojemann; a panel discussion among the four presenters; and finally another open discussion that included questions for all four presenters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

民族学／人类学视野中的文化策划

文化策划是逐渐兴盛起来的文化现象。在民族学／人类学的视野中进行文化策划,能对文化有更深刻的理解,对文化资源有更好的把握,同时还能够促进应用民族学／人类学的发展。民族学／人类学视野中,民族学／人类学的方法和基本观点对文化策划有方法论意义,文化策划有自己的侧重点、立足点、关注点。民族学／人类学视野中,文化策划要把握好文化资源,要熟悉好民族政策和文化方面的法律法规,在实践中要充分利用其他学科的知识。