基于分形理论的黄河内蒙古段河势演变特征及其与凌汛灾害关联研究

寒区河道凌汛灾害河势“弯道效应”的量化评估十分重要。基于分形理论提出河道横断面-纵剖面-平面多维度河势分形维数计算方法及其物理机制，并探讨黄河内蒙古段不同维度河势演变分形特征及其与凌汛灾害的关联关系。结果表明，黄河内蒙古段不同维度河势均具有多尺度自相似分形特征，且具有多年记忆周期的长程相关性；冰坝（严重性冰塞）发生频次与河道主槽弯曲分形维数呈正相关指数型函数关系，与河相系数、深泓点高程和河段平均底坡分形维数负相关，与水深-面积分形维数正相关，总体表明冰坝灾害更易发生于主槽偏移摆动大、蜿蜒曲折、河湾发育程度高的宽浅型弯曲河道，研究成果可为凌汛期冰塞冰坝灾害易发河段诊断及预测提供重要理论依据。     

危废填埋场地下水环境影响评价研究

危险废物具有各种危害性,不仅对人体健康有着威胁,对于环境治理来说也有着极大的消极影响。就目前来说,虽然安全填埋技术已经较为成熟,但在实际实施过程中还是容易出现渗漏事故,渗漏液在地下容易穿透防渗层,从而影响地下水,所以这也是我们需要重视的问题之一。     

Human responses to high levels of carbon dioxide and air temperature

In this study, 30 subjects were exposed to different combinations of air temperature (T_a: 24, 27, and 30°C) and CO₂ level (8000, 10 000, and 12 000 ppm) in a high-humidity (RH: 85%) underground climate chamber. Subjective assessments, physiological responses, and cognitive performance were investigated. The results showed that as compared with exposure to T_a = 24°C, exposure to 30°C at all CO₂ levels caused subjects to feel uncomfortably warm and experience stronger odor intensity, while increased mental effort and greater intensity of acute health symptoms were reported. However, no significant effects of T_a on task performance or physiological responses were found. This indicated that subjects had to exert more effort to maintain their performance in an uncomfortably warm environment. Increasing CO₂ from 8000 to 12 000 ppm at all T_a caused subjects to report higher rates of headache, fatigue, agitation, and feeling depressed, although the results were statistically significant only at 24 and 27°C. The text typing performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at this exposure, whereas diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thermal discomfort increased significantly. These effects suggest higher arousal/stress. No significant interaction effect of T_a and CO₂ concentration on human responses was identified.     

MC尼龙重载承压地板井下巷道铺设工艺研究

我国煤矿井下无轨运输混凝土路面铺设成本高，并且受开采应力、巷道底板地质条件等影响，其应用受到限制。重载车辆的频繁碾压极易使路面发生损坏，从而影响正常开采效率还带来高昂的维护费用。为解决这一问题，采用MC尼龙重载承压地板代替传统混凝土铺设路面，进行了MC尼龙重载承压地板井下巷道铺设的工艺研究。通过对承压板井下铺设方案的制定、承压地板型式的研发、地板的整体连接及稳定性研发等，实现了高效的作业效率，更为安全、清洁的作业环境以及更低的成本，进而达到了“以塑代混凝土”的实际示范意义。该铺设工艺为井下无轨运输的采区路面、工作面搬家通道、临时路面以及其他应急路面、硐室地板的应用提供了良好的方案借鉴。     

Land surface deformation parameter estimation using persistent scatterer interferometry approach in an underground metal mining environment

Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) is a major advancement in radar interferometry for detecting and monitoring land deformation. PSI is the most advanced class of differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) techniques. The technique conquers the main drawbacks of the conventional DInSAR technique by identifying radar targets having stable backscattering characteristics in time. These targets are termed as persistent scatterers (PSs). The higher the number of PSs for a study area the higher the accuracy of the results will be, which is most common for deformation analysis in urban areas. However, for non-urban or highly de-correlated areas, PSs density collapses significantly, which needs to increase for optimal results. For this purpose, partially coherent/distributed scatterers (DSs) are being exploited in addition to the PSs. The field surface of this study is one of the copper-rich mining belts in India, which consists of two major underground metal mines. Scatterer characterziation of the field surface under study suggests that most of the scatterers are DSs and very few scatterers under the influence of the mining zone are PSs. In addition to this, a preliminary investigation of deformation characteristics of the field surface under study reveals that the spatial extent of deformation is small/localized along with slow and non-linear deformation. Keeping in view scatterer and deformation characteristics of the field surface under study, in this research paper, a Quasi-Persistent Scatterer based PSI approach has been applied using high-resolution TerraSAR-X interferometric data stack (10 images) to generate deformation time series and deformation velocity. Furthermore, results obtained from the applied PSI approach and ground-based observations (using GNSS) have shown good agreement with each other, in the order of ?5.20?mm/year (LOS) and ?5.38?mm/year (subsiding), respectively.     

水位骤降对下伏隧道堤防安全影响研究

建立了考虑水位骤降条件下的下伏隧道堤防模型,依托湘江某下伏隧道堤防工程,基于堤防边坡渗流原理,结合有限元应力计算,探讨了不同水位骤降速率下的浸润线情况,计算了堤防安全系数。研究结果表明:湘江水位骤降速率越快,浸润线变化范围越大,浸润线变化范围与水位降落速率成正比;湘江水位骤降速度在3 m/d^4 m/d,水位降到28.8 m时,堤岸失去稳定;水位骤降并非整个过程中堤岸均处于失稳状态,而是水位降至某高度后堤岸失稳,骤降速率增快对堤防安全系数有一定负面作用。研究结果对隧道下穿堤防建设具有一定指导意义。     

马脊梁煤矿井下巷道贯通测量方法分析

在煤矿测量工作中,贯通测量是其中重要工作之一,确保贯通点的误差在设定的范围内,决定了贯通测量的成败。本文将马脊梁煤矿副立井与王村回风立井的贯通作为研究对象,选择使用井下控制测量、竖井联系测量及陀螺定向技术等,设定了贯通测量的方案,开展了误差预计,通过对比预计结果和要求,保证了贯通测量设计的可行性。