Sustainable optimization of waste management network over extended planning time horizon

This study proposes a multiperiod mixed integer linear programming model for the management of a single municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment plant with sustainability as the objective. Discrete and continuous variables define the capacity selections for diverse MSW technologies, and the operation of the MSW network, respectively. The economic target is considered to maximize the net present value. The environmental impact is the minimization of a normalized environmental objective function (NEOF). The social target is the maximization of jobs. An interesting feature about the research work is the requirement of biodrying technologies for MSW moisture content control. Due to the conflicted nature among the sustainability components, a multiobjective optimization (MO) is carried out to find the Pareto optimal solutions. The MO results show that the Pareto optimal solutions vary around profit range of $4.9–8.5 billion, NEOF impact range of 3.2–3.6 units, and social benefit range of 2700–4828 jobs.     

柱淋滤模式下生活垃圾焚烧炉渣中Cu2+和Zn2+浸出规律

垃圾焚烧炉渣是一种活性材料，在其储存、预处理及应用等过程与雨水频繁接触时，炉渣中重金属随着水域环境发生迁移和浸出现象。本研究采用连续柱淋滤试验装置模拟自然降雨，开展了0～5mm和5～10mm焚烧炉渣的动态淋滤毒性浸出分析，重点研究了pH和降雨强度对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的浸出影响。结果表明，动态淋滤过程中，淋滤液pH变化对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的浸出水平影响显著，且在酸性较强淋滤液作用下Cu²⁺浸出水平比Zn²⁺更强，与Ⅴ类地表水环境浓度限值对比，在整个淋滤时间内Cu²⁺浸出浓度严重超标，在炉渣工程应用时需预防相关的环境风险；原生炉渣粒径大小与重金属浸出水平无直接相关性，但是0～5mm细炉渣中可浸出Zn²⁺含量更高，这与细颗粒物中Zn赋存形态和可溶出态含量较高有关；淋滤强度对重金属浸出水平影响主要反应了动态淋滤过程液固比和水分运移速率情况，当较低淋滤强度时具有低液固比，溶出液中重金属含量较高。     

Hydrogen production with an auto-thermal MSW steam gasification and direct melting system: A process modeling

Municipal solid waste steam gasification and direct melting system is proposed in this study for H₂ production and ash melting simultaneously. Part of the H₂ generated in gasification is extracted for combustion with pure oxygen in the melting zone to provide the energy necessary for auto-thermal operation. A simulation model is developed with Aspen Plus to investigate the performance and optimum conditions of the system. For the feedstock with a lower heating value of 18.91 MJ/kg used in this study, 39.8% of the generated H₂ needs to be extracted to maintain the heat balance of the system at the gasification temperature of 900 °C, melting temperature of 1400 °C, and S/M of 1. The net H₂ yield is ～77.3 kg/t-MSW with a net cold gas efficiency of 49.1% under the same operating condition. An optimum operation condition for T (850–1000 °C) and S/M (0.6–1.0) is determined considering the balance between H₂ production ability and the auto-thermal energy balance.     

城市简易垃圾填埋场场地动力触探试验研究

随着城市的发展和扩张，早期的垃圾填埋场进入城市规划区域，作为建筑用地，如何评价该类场地的工程性能成为关键。结合对城市垃圾填埋场的杂填土的动力触探试验，分析研究该类场地的工程性能并做出相应的工程评价。     

土工合成材料在城市固体垃圾填埋场中的应用

对一系列新型化工产品———土工合成材料在城市固体垃圾填埋场中的应用 ,特别对其中土工织物 (GT)、土工膜 (GM)、土工合成材料粘土垫 (GCL)、土工网 (GN)、土工复合材料 (GC)以及土工泡沫 (GF)等在填埋场衬垫、封盖系统中的应用作了全面的总结 ,详尽地分析了各种材料的主要用途     

城市垃圾填埋体的动力特性及地震响应

结合某垃圾填埋场工程 ,利用表面波频谱分析法 (SASW )测试垃圾填埋体的剪切波速 ,得到了用于静动力响应分析的填埋体参数。在假定地表降水入渗为填埋场垃圾土体唯一补给来源的前提下 ,提出了确定浸润线自由面的方法 ,通过静力和动力有限元计算 ,对某填埋场边坡进行了稳定分析。对最危险滑动面的位置分析后发现 ,在地震过程中 ,滑动面的位置比较集中。在此基础上 ,对Newmark方法进行了改进 ,采用圆弧滑动面 ,得到了填埋场在地震作用下的永久位移。实例分析表明 ,垃圾在填埋过程中的初始压实 ,对埋场的地震稳定具有重要意义。     

城市固体废弃物的动强度试验研究

通过人工配制城市固体废弃物试样,利用中型动三轴试验仪,进行城市固体废弃物的动强度试验。试验结果表明,动孔隙水压力的发展与动应变密切相关,且振动次数超过一定值后孔隙水压力趋于稳定,但在振动过程中并未出现液化现象;提出不同应变破坏标准和等效振动次数的动强度指标,为填埋场动力稳定性分析提供合理的强度参数。城市固体废弃物的动强度曲线具有良好的归一化性状,进行少量有代表性的动三轴试验,即可方便地建立不同初始应力状态下任一等效振动次数的动应力-应变关系的数学模式,为震陷量的计算提供计算公式及相应试验参数。     

模糊数学方法在垃圾堆肥质量评价中的应用

通过选择堆肥质量指标，制定指标评价等级，构建模糊数学评价体系，采用垃圾堆肥试验数据，在单因素评价的基础上，综合考虑各因素的影响，对堆肥质量进行模糊综合评价。结果表明运用模糊综合评价法能客观地反映堆肥质量。该法可以作为一种简单有效的城市生活垃圾堆肥质量评价方法。     

城市生活垃圾破碎机研究分析

垃圾破碎预处理技术是城市生活垃圾资源化利用的关键。介绍了国内外城市生活垃圾破碎机的技术及应用,分析了城市生活垃圾破碎机的设计要求,阐述了城市生活垃圾破碎机技术的发展趋势。针对目前破碎机存在的问题,设计了一种新型城市生活垃圾破碎机,可破碎混杂垃圾,并通过调节转速来调整破碎后物料的粒径,以期为生活垃圾破碎机的设计、选型提供参考。     

Impact of open dumping of municipal solid waste on soil properties in mountainous region

This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex characteristics with organic fractions of the highest proportions. As leachate percolates into the soil, it migrates contaminants into the soil and affects soil stability and strength. The study includes the geotechnical investigation of dump soil characteristics and its comparison with the natural soil samples taken from outside the proximity of dumpsites. The geochemical analysis of dumpsite soil samples was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Visual inspection revealed that the MSW consists of high fraction of organics, followed by paper. The soil samples were collected from five trial pits in the dumpsites at depths of 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. Then the collected soil samples were subjected to specific gravity test, grain size analysis, Atterberg's limit test, compaction test, direct shear test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test and permeability analysis. The study indicated that the dumpsite soils from four study regions show decreasing trends in the values of maximum dry density (MDD), specific gravity, cohesion and CBR, and increasing permeability as compared to the natural soil. The results show that the geotechnical properties of the soils at all four study locations have been severely hampered due to contamination induced by open dumping of waste.