High voltage and self-healing zwitterionic double-network hydrogels as electrolyte for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor/battery

The hydrogel electrolyte is an important part of safety and development potential in zinc-based energy storage equipment due to its inherent low mechanical strength and voltage decomposition. However, hydrogel electrolytes possess a reduced working life for zinc dendrites growth and a narrow voltage window. In this study, a hydrogel electrolyte prepares by the zwitterionic monomer [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) (MS) and sodium alginate (SA) alleviate these problems. The zwitterionic double-network hydrogel has good mechanical strength, inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites, enhances practicability, greatly increases the voltage window (0–2.4 V), and has self-healing properties to its rich functional groups. The assembled zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) have a high-power density of 172.33 W kg^?1 and an energy density of 88.56 Wh·kg^?1 at 0.5 A g^?1. The assembled zinc-ion battery also has good electrochemical performance. Flexible ZHSs and batteries provide power to the timer stably under different bending angles. The zwitterionic double-network hydrogel can be applied to both zinc-based supercapacitors and batteries.     

Microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties of Mo–V–Cu–N coatings prepared by HIPIMS technique

A combination of high wear-resistance and low-friction is crucial for improving the wear performance of self-lubricating coatings, which is generally determined by an excellent lubricating effect and mechanical strength. In this study, the Mo–V–Cu–N coatings were prepared by HIPIMS technique with a spliced target of Mo–V–Cu at various charge voltages. The results revealed that Mo–V–Cu–N coatings presented a solid solution phase of B1–MoVN with (200) preferred orientation, and the preferred orientation was enhanced at high charge voltages. Whereas the Cu atoms formed an amorphous phase in Mo–V–Cu–N coatings due to a low Cu content of 2.3–3.6 at.%. As the charge voltage increased to 750 V, more charged metallic ions were accelerated and bombarded substrate surface efficiently, forming smooth and dense Mo–V–Cu–N coatings with a high hardness of 31.0 GPa. All the coatings presented a low friction coefficient of 0.34–0.39 due to the formation of MoO₂, VO₂ and CuO mixed oxides, and the wear mechanism was dominated by abrasive and tribo-oxidation wear at room temperature.     

Korean automatic spacing using pretrained transformer encoder and analysis

Automatic spacing in Korean is used to correct spacing units in a given input sentence. The demand for automatic spacing has been increasing owing to frequent incorrect spacing in recent media, such as the Internet and mobile networks. Therefore, herein, we propose a transformer encoder that reads a sentence bidirectionally and can be pretrained using an out-of-task corpus. Notably, our model exhibited the highest character accuracy (98.42%) among the existing automatic spacing models for Korean. We experimentally validated the effectiveness of bidirectional encoding and pretraining for automatic spacing in Korean. Moreover, we conclude that pretraining is more important than fine-tuning and data size.     

[2.2]Paracyclophane-Based TCN-201 Analogs as GluN2A-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Recent studies have shown the involvement of GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors in various neurological and pathological disorders. In the X-ray crystal structure, TCN-201 ( 1 ) and analogous pyrazine derivatives 2 and 3 adopt a U-shape (hairpin) conformation within the binding site formed by the ligand binding domains of the GluN1 and GluN2A subunits. In order to mimic the resulting π/π-interactions of two aromatic rings in the binding site, a [2.2]paracyclophane system was designed to lock these aromatic rings in a parallel orientation. Acylation of [2.2]paracyclophane ( 5 ) with oxalyl chloride and chloroacetyl chloride and subsequent transformations led to the oxalamide 7 , triazole 10 and benzamides 12 . The GluN2A inhibitory activities of the paracyclophane derivatives were tested with two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing selectively functional NMDA receptors with GluN2A subunit. The o-iodobenzamide 12 b with the highest similarity to TCN-201 showed the highest GuN2A inhibitory activity of this series of compounds. At a concentration of 10 μM, 12 b reached 36 % of the inhibitory activity of TCN-201 ( 1 ). This result indicates that the [2.2]paracyclophane system is well accepted by the TCN-201 binding site.     

Synthesis and characterization of SrFeOx hetero-film resistance-switching device with low operation voltage

As a critical topological phase transition material, SrFeO_x could play an essential role in the field of resistive memory. How to implement resistance-switching more softly and ensure the stability of materials has always been a relevant research hotspot. Regulating the oxygen environment during the deposition process of the films can effectively control the stoichiometry of the functional layer and then improve the resistance-switching characteristics of the device. In this paper, a SrFeO_x hetero-film was prepared by oxygen pretreatment on the SrRuO₃ surface before SrFeO_x deposition, and the as-assembled micrometer-scale device exhibits a low set operating voltage of 0.6 V and favorable cycling characteristics. The SrFeO_x hetero-film reveals a vertical brownmillerite superlattice-like structure with ～20 nm perovskite buffer layer, which benefits the connection and rupture of conductive filament. Additionally, XPS and UV–vis were used to analyze the bonding energy and band gap of SrFeO_x hetero-film, and offers the experimental basis for the explanation of the conductive mechanism. Therefore, the device based on SrFeO_x hetero-film with low operation voltage provides a reference for low power consumption research on topological phase transition material.     

Recycling spent lead acid batteries into aqueous zinc-ion battery material with ultra-flat voltage platforms

The harmless disposal of lead paste in the spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) remains an enormous challenge in traditional pyrometallurgical recycling. Here, we introduced a hydrometallurgical method for the recycling of the spent LABs’ waste to obtain the β-PbO as a novel zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) active material. The obtained β-PbO exhibits ultra-flat charge/discharge voltage platforms (0.21 mV/(mAh g^?1)) and stable specific capacity. During the charge/discharge, the β-PbO spontaneously triggers the formation of (ZnSO₄)[Zn(OH)₂]₃·5H₂O (ZHS) micro-sheets as a surface passivation layer. Moreover, the ex-situ X-ray spectra reveal that the reversible phase transformation occurs between PbSO₄ and Pb with the assistance of ZHS by adjusting the PH value on the electrode-electrolyte interface. The synergistic two-phase-reaction mechanism generates ultra-flat voltage platforms upon the charge/discharge. This “energy-saving and environment-friendly” recycling route eliminates the major source of emission of pollution particulates/gases compared to the traditional pyrometallurgical recycling, while at the same time replacing energy-consuming and environmentally detrimental processes of synthesis of current ZIBs cathodes.     

Design,Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of P2X7 Antagonists

The P2X7 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of various diseases due to its significant role in inflammation and immune cell signaling. This work describes the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of novel derivatives bearing diverse scaffolds as potent P2X7 antagonists. Our approach was based on structural modifications of reported (adamantan-1-yl)methylbenzamides able to inhibit the receptor activation. The adamantane moieties and the amide bond were replaced, and the replacements were evaluated by a ligand-based pharmacophore model. The antagonistic potency of the synthesized analogues was assessed by two-electrode voltage clamp experiments, using Xenopus laevis oocytes that express the human P2X7 receptor. SAR studies suggested that the replacement of the adamantane ring by an aryl-cyclohexyl moiety afforded the most potent antagonists against the activation of the P2X7 cation channel, with analogue 2-chloro-N-[1-(3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl)cyclohexyl)methyl]benzamide ( 56 ) exhibiting the best potency with an IC₅₀ value of 0.39 μM.     

基于虚拟现实的复杂场景加载优化算法

目前大规模场景模型生成的需求量日益增加, 现提出了一种基于区域的自动 LOD (Levels Of Details)构建算法. 该算法基于动态网格简化算法, 在游戏设计制作的过程中, 游戏开发人员会经常需要对美工部门人员提供的模型进行优化. 为了可以使模型的面数得到简化, 并且不改变模型的外观. 当今流行的 LOD技术非常擅于处理这种情况, 判断模型与摄像机的距离如果超过一定范围之后, 自动调取不同层次的模型, 当模型距离摄像机很远的情况下使用面数低的模型替换高模, 这样可以提高帧率并且降低摄像机前的三角面以及顶点数从而减少渲染压力. 一般模型的简化分为静态和动态模型的简化.大部分情况下, 程序员会让美工部门提供几套不同面数的模型或者通过模型简化工具对高模进行减面并存成多个Mesh, 并在程序运行的时候, 根据模型与摄像机的距离远近动态的替换Mesh. 这是一种静态的方法.这里将尝试使用一种动态的网格简化和LOD技术相结合的方法. 这种新型算法的大大的简化了操作流程, 美术人员只需要提供一个模型, 程序员可以使用这种方法生成量级不同的低模, 根据摄像机与模型的远近自动的调取不同精度的模型.     

Design and characteristics of a new type laminar plasma torch for materials processing

Laminar plasma jet(LPJ) generated by laminar plasma torch(LPT) has a favorable temperature and velocity distribution. Thus, it is superior to the turbulent plasma jet in material processing.However, most of the reported LPTs usually operate at a relatively low output power with a relatively low arc voltage and thermal efficiency, which limits its capabilities. In this context, this paper attempts to design a new type of high-power LPT with a relatively low arc current and a high thermal efficiency. In the first section, the design principle of the main components is studied and discussed in detail, and a new high-power LPT is proposed. Then, the experimental characteristics of the proposed high-power LPT are examined. Experimental results reveal the following characteristics of the proposed LPT.(1) The max jet length of the proposed LPT reaches at 540 mm.(2) Its mean arc voltage is higher than 290 V when the LPT works with arc currents lower than 200 A, leading to an output power greater than 50 kW.(3) The mean thermal efficiency is higher than 50%. Lastly, the proposed LPT has been applied to spheroidize the aluminum oxide powers. The experiment results for the production of spherical powders show that the proposed LPT has a good characteristic for material processing.     

基于机器视觉的机车齿轮毂全自动双轴拧紧机的设计和应用

设计了基于机器视觉的机车齿轮毂全自动双轴拧紧机,根据拧紧工艺和扭矩控制原理实现对螺栓拧紧力矩的控制;通过丝杠变径机构,实现不同规格齿轮毂螺栓拧紧;利用机器视觉实现螺栓位置的识别以及初始位置的确定;讨论了自动拧紧机控制系统的硬件组成和软件系统配置,并介绍了防错、防漏功能的设计流程。螺栓自动拧紧机可提高装配精度和操作效率,降低工人的劳动强度。