A Parametric Study on the Inception and Evolution of Underground Coal Fires Based on a Lab-Scale Experimental Setup

Fire Technology - The tendency of self-ignition of coal is the root cause of underground coal fires (UCFs). A parametric study is carried out on a lab-scale experimental setup developed based on...     

Prediction and Analysis of O3 Based on the ARIMA Model

Despite of the small amount in the atmosphere, ozone is one of the most critical atmospheric component as it protects human beings and any other life on the earth from the sun''s high frequency ultraviolet radiation. In recent decades, the global ozone depletion caused by human activities is well known and produces an "ozone hole", the most direct consequence of which is the increase in ultraviolet radiation, which will affect human survival, climatic environment, ecological environment and other important adverse impacts. Due to the implementation of the Montreal protocol and other agreement, the total amount of ozone depleting substance in the atmosphere has been prominent reduced, which will lead to a new round of regional climate change. Therefore, predicting the changes of the total ozone in the future will have an important guiding significance for predicting the future climate change and making reasonable measures to deal with the climate change. In this paper, based on the ozone data of 1979 to 2016 in the southern hemisphere and ARIMA model algorithm, using time series analysis, we obtain prediction effect of ARIMA model is good by Ljung-Box Q-test and , and the model can be used to predict the future ozone change. With the help of SPSS software, the future trend of the total ozone can be predicted in the future 50 years. Based on the above experiment results, the global ozone change in the future 50 years can be forecasted, namely the atmospheric ozone layer will return to its 1980''s standard by the middle of this century at the global scale.     

如何破解我国煤层气开发的技术难题——以沁水盆地南部煤层气藏为例

平均单井产量低已成为制约我国煤层气产业发展的主要瓶颈,直接导致了煤层气开发经济效益低。为此,以山西省东南部沁水盆地南部煤层气藏为例,总结了中国石油华北油田公司在该区煤层气产业的发展及技术现状,梳理了煤层气开发所存在的关键问题:①煤层气开发工程技术不适应特有的地质特征变化;②煤层气田成熟区块仍存在大量的低效区;③单纯增大压裂规模并未能有效提高单井产量;④多分支水平井单井产量高,但总体产能到位率仍偏低;⑤现场管控总体缺乏科学依据。进而对我国煤层气的后续开发提出了以下建议:①改变产能建设模式、提高产能建设效率;②改进地质研究方法,科学设计井位和井型;③用辩证思维的方式,构建主体技术;④优化水平井的设计,提高技术的适用性;⑤改变压裂改造方式,提高单井产量;⑥改变排采工艺,提高投资效益。通过采取以上措施,将有可能破解我国煤层气开发的技术难题。     

金属有机框架衍生的Bi/C复合材料作为钠离子电池负极材料的研究

金属铋(Bi)用作钠离子电池的负极材料具有较高的理论比容量和较低的嵌钠电位,但是在钠离子嵌入和脱出的过程中容易发生较为严重的体积膨胀,从而导致循环性能较差。为改善金属Bi负极的循环性能,将其与具有多孔结构的碳复合是一种有效的改善手段。在过去几年中,金属有机框架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)作为一种合成前驱体被广泛应用于各种金属氧化物及多孔碳材料的合成中。合成了一种含铋的金属有机框架材料,并以其为前驱体,再经高温煅烧合成了多孔碳包覆的金属铋复合材料,该复合材料中的碳骨架及其丰富的孔结构能有效缓解Bi在钠离子脱嵌过程中的体积膨胀,从而提高其循环稳定性。     

Pt supported on boron,nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (BNC NTs) for effective methanol electrooxidation

The research for electrocatalyst with high electroactivity and great CO-resistance ability for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is still a huge challenge. In this report, we develop Boron, Nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (BNC NTs) as a support for Pt. Owing to the doping of boron, the catalyst not only provides extremely active sites for methanol oxidation reactions (MOR) but also protects Pt nanoparticles from agglutinating, performing superior electroactivity and excellent ability to anti CO poisoning. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrate the strong electron effect between Pt and B. Notably, the Pt/BNC NTs catalyst exhibits higher catalytic activity towards MOR and more superior durability in comparison with Pt/NC NTs and commercial JM Pt/C catalyst. The accelerated durability test (ADT) illustrates that Pt/BNC NTs catalyst can improve the issue of electrochemical surface area (ECSA) conservation, with only 30% diminish in comparison with the initial ECSA after 5000 cycles. The experiment result demonstrate that boron doping is the key step to improve the catalytic activities and CO-resistance ability due to the combination effects, involving firm B–C and N–C bonds, the stronger electron transfer in the nanotube structure among Pt, B and N, the stronger adsorption intensity of oxygen species from doped B.     

Enhanced electrocatalytic performance of Cu0.02S0.01/rGO hybrid for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium at low temperature

Graphene, is a carbon allotrope, which is widely used as a substrate for various catalysts due to its interesting physicochemical properties. In the present study, graphene oxide sheets were prepared from graphite, then, the graphene oxide surface was modified by a low-temperature method using sulfur and copper atoms to obtain pseudo-enzyme Cu/S/Graphene prosthetic group. The current density passing through Cu/S/Graphene catalyst was four times higher than that passing through graphite. The novel copper-based catalyst had an extraordinary performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the unique bio-inspired and stoichiometric structure. The results of Raman and Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ultra-low content of copper (2%) and sulfur (1%) atoms on the graphene surface. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a strong interaction between nanoparticles and graphene layers. The number of electrons transferred for ORR varied from 3.98 to 4.16 in a wide range of over-potentials indicating an effective 4-electron pathway form O₂ to H₂O. The Tafel slopes indicated insignificant amount of formed copper oxide on the catalyst surface. The catalyst showed excellent electrochemical durability and its half-wave potential (E_1/2) was exhibited a negative shift only 8.2 mV after 10000 cycles.     

天然气与煤粉混烧技术在工业锅炉上的应用

介绍了在链条炉的基础上,以煤粉、天然气的悬浮燃烧方式配合火床燃烧的节能改造技术,对一台20t/h快装链条炉改造后,锅炉启动时升温速度提高,负荷调节的响应时间缩短,锅炉灰渣含碳量由原来的20％降低到5％以下,机械不完全燃烧损失大为降低.过量空气系数由改造前的2.5 ～3降低至1.2 ～1.3,大幅减少了锅炉排烟量,降低了锅炉排烟热损失.锅炉热效率由改造前的62％提高至改造后的77％ ～ 80％.     

建筑企业BIM私有云平台中心建设与实施

本文针对建筑企业在传统BIM应用中遇到的成本高、管理复杂等问题,提出了一种BIM私有云平台中心的解决方案。首先,我们引入了企业级BIM私有云平台这一概念,介绍了该平台的基本原理,分析了该平台的优势;在此基础上,我们对BIM云平台框架进行了设计,包括存储层、基础管理层、应用服务层、应用接口层和访问层等的设计;并通过风险分析对其可用性风险、信息安全风险、财务风险进行了评估;最后借助一个实施案例对平台的硬件构建、功能模块进行了详细介绍,展示了平台的操作界面和使用方法,反映了建筑企业BIM私有云平台的实施效果,同时给出了相关实施保障的建议,充分体现了BIM私有云平台广阔的应用价值和发展前景。