Assignment of inter-die signals in a simplified wiring model for die-stacking SiP designs

Compared with traditional flow in IC designs, the assignment of the inter-die signals between different dies is an important stage in a die-stacking SiP design. In this paper, given a tolerant spacing rule between two inter-die signals, the crossing constraint between two inter-die signals can be firstly defined for the bonding wires in a die-stacking SiP design with a simplified wiring model [7]. Furthermore, based on the connection constraint on any inter-die signal, the capacity constraint on any assigned pad on dies and the crossing constraint between two inter-die signals, an integer linear programming-based (ILP-based) approach is proposed to assign all the inter-die signals to minimize the total wirelength in a die-stacking SiP design. Compared with Lin’s two-stage approach [4] for some tested examples without a tolerant spacing distance between two inter-die signals in an Euclidean wiring model, the experimental results show that our proposed ILP-based approach increases 4.5% of CPU time and reduces 6.2% of total wirelength to assign all the inter-die signals on the average. Besides that, compared with Yan’s iterative approach [6] for some tested examples without a tolerant spacing distance between two inter-die signals in an Euclidean wiring model, the experimental results show that our proposed ILP-based approach uses reasonable CPU time to reduce 5.3% of total wirelength to assign all the inter-die signals on the average. Compared with Lin’s modified two-stage approach and Yan’s modified iterative approach for some dense tested examples with a tolerant spacing distance between two inter-die signals in a simplified wiring model [7], the experimental results show that Lin’s modified two-stage approach only achieves 95.9% of the assignment ratio on the average, Yan’s modified iterative approach only achieves 96.6% of the assignment ratio on the average and our proposed ILP-based approach uses reasonable CPU time to achieve 100% of the assignment ratio.     

Enhanced graphitic domains of unreduced graphene oxide and the interplay of hydration behaviour and catalytic activity

Previous studies indicate that the properties of graphene oxide (GO) can be significantly improved by enhancing its graphitic domain size through thermal diffusion and clustering of functional groups. Remarkably, this transition takes place below the decomposition temperature of the functional groups and thus allows fine tuning of graphitic domains without compromising with the functionality of GO. By studying the transformation of GO under mild thermal treatment, we directly observe this size enhancement of graphitic domains from originally ≤40 nm² to >200 nm² through an extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. Additionally, we confirm the integrity of the functional groups during this process by a comprehensive chemical analysis. A closer look into the process confirms the theoretical predicted relevance for the room temperature stability of GO and the development of the composition of functional groups is explained with reaction pathways from theoretical calculations. We further investigate the influence of enlarged graphitic domains on the hydration behaviour of GO and the catalytic performance of single atom catalysts supported by GO. Additionally, we show that the sheet resistance of GO is reduced by several orders of magnitude during the mild thermal annealing process.     

空间语义增强下的城市交通事故数据可视分析

目的 海量城市交通事故数据可能蕴含有交通事故的空间模式，挖掘出交通事故的空间模式有助于开展交通事故的防治工作。目前交通管理部门虽然记录了交通事故发生地的空间位置信息，但没有对事故发生地进行空间语义描述，从而影响对交通事故空间模式的深入分析。因此，提出一种交通事故数据空间语义增强方法，并设计了一套可视分析系统。方法 基于城市兴趣点来增强交通事故数据的空间语义。以事故发生点为中心获取周围城市兴趣点，使用特征向量刻画兴趣点的数量、类别及其与事故发生点的距离，并称此向量为空间语义特征向量。将空间语义特征向量和相应的交通事故关联，以达到增强其空间语义的目的。然后，基于空间语义特征向量，使用自组织映射聚类算法对交通事故进行聚类分析，根据其空间语义特征将交通事故分为若干类别。最后，通过使用地图视图展示事故点数据、聚类视图和平行坐标视图展示聚类分析的结果及其空间语义特征的可视化方法，对交通事故的空间模式进行分析。结果 针对空间语义增强的交通事故数据以及相关分析任务，有效地使用上述数据分析方法与可视化技术，设计并实现了一套多视图关联的可视分析系统，提供了便捷的交互方式辅助用户分析。通过研发人员和交通警察共同对安徽省合肥市2018年的交通事故数据进行分析，将交通事故发生地划分9类并指出每类地点的空间语义特点，进一步分析出了事故高发区域的空间语义特性。结论 本文提出的交通事故数据空间语义增强方法和可视分析方法可以帮助用户揭示交通事故的空间语义模式，有助于深入分析和认识交通事故的成因，能为交通事故防治相关的城市建设工作提供建议。     

Finite-point method for efficient timing characterization of sequential elements

Timing characterization of sequential elements, such as latches and flip-flops, is one of the critical steps for timing closure in the pipelined design. Traditional characterization of setup and hold time constraints is computationally intensive, due to the demand on high accuracy in monitoring the operation failure. To improve the efficiency, this work proposes a finite-point based method for the characterization of setup and hold time constraints. The finite-point method identifies several critical data points in the non-linear curve of timing characteristics, and abstracts the essential setup/hold information from them. Moreover, compact models are derived for each point, further reducing the computation cost. The proposed method is general for all sequential elements in the standard cell library. It is comprehensively validated using benchmark circuits at 45 nm node. Experimental results demonstrate approximately 25× reduction in characterization time, with the prediction error in setup and hold time within 9% of FO₄ nominal delay, as compared to that of SPICE simulation results.     

钢琴乐声仿真频谱模型研究

频谱模型的乐音仿真是运用声学理论,由一系列基本函数及其时变幅度乘积的迭加来实现乐器的发声。通过对钢琴琴弦振动和衰减特性的分析以及共鸣箱共振作用的探讨,提出了一种新的数字化钢琴乐音仿真技术,仿真模型由激励系统和共振系统两部分组成。系统以琴弦振动方程为基础,先进行时域上的包络修饰,以模拟琴弦振动的自然衰减,这样可以使乐音各音符间衔接和谐;然后在频域上以频谱包络建模滤波器组,实现共振系统的仿真,对音色进行修饰。该方法能更为有效的雕刻声音,同时较好的表现音色,从而使乐音听起来更加和谐。     

多梯度融合的RGBD图像边缘检测

基于单一的属性变化进行边缘检测往往会损失部分边缘信息,影响了检测结果的完整性,对此提出一种基于多梯度融合的边缘检测算法。该算法针对RGB图像,首先转换到YCbCr颜色空间下,分别提取亮度分量Y颜色分量Cb、Cr针对提取的亮度分量Y颜色分量Cb、Cr,结合深度图像D,分别使用多方向的圆形边缘检测算子进行梯度计算,对所获得的4种梯度图像进行融合获得边缘检测结果。实验结果表明,算法获得的边缘检测结果更加清晰完整,有效的提高了边缘检测的效果。     

基于SiPLS和SPA波长选择的玉米组分测量研究

研究分析80个玉米实验光谱数据,经预处理后,分别进行区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)、组合区间偏最小二乘法(SiPLS)和连续投影算法(SPA)优选玉米水分组分的最佳波长,建立校正模型。结果表明,iPLS、SiPLS和SPA将建模变量从700个分别降低到70、140和2个,各占据全光谱的10%、20%和0.29%,而其建模精度比700个全谱变量建模精度甚至更好。其中SiPLS和SPA的建模精度相当,但是SPA方法将建模变量从700个降低到2个,计算复杂度得到最大程度的降低,并保持了建模精度,表明SPA是一种有效的特征波长提取方法,且这一研究方法可推广应用到对玉米中油脂、蛋白质和淀粉的含量检测中。     

基于信标同步及信道预测的井下无线网络切换机制研究

矿井机车无人驾驶系统面临的一个主要问题是车载移动节点MN在机车轨旁AP间进行切换产生的通信延时问题。传统切换机制扫描所有信道,时延过大,难以满足系统通信的实时性要求。因此建立井下802.11无线网络模型,提出基于信标同步及信道预测的井下无线网络切换机制,该机制通过同步AP信标帧的广播时间和维护AP邻接链表的方法减少切换延时。通过仿真实验验证该机制能够将切换时延降到实时通信系统的要求,对比传统硬切换机制可降低切换时延达70%以上。     

一种用于多信道无线Mesh网络的信道分配方法

合理地分配信道是提高多信道无线Mesh网络性能的关键。针对动态信道分配策略平均吞吐率较低的不足,采用相对平衡理论,提出了一种基于可通邻居节点可用信道表的信道分配方法,给出了该方法的主要步骤和具体实现过程,并分析了时间复杂度。节点在进行数据发送前,利用可通邻居节点的可用信道集合,建立可通邻居节点可用信道表和信道优先级队列,在此基础上,选取一个最优信道,并使用改进的RTS/CTS协议进行信道协商和数据收发控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在平均吞吐率方面提高了5.2%。     

面向球面虚拟实景底部空洞的快速修补算法

本文提出一种针对球面虚拟实景底部空洞的快速修复算法,首先获取球面全景与球面虚拟实景间映射关系,并基于不同时刻球面虚拟实景间的空间位置关系建立位置映射模型,然后通过求解得到不同时刻球面全景之间的对应关系并实现缺失部分的修补,最后通过对修补区域亮度的调整及边缘融合,对修补结果进行优化.理论分析和实验结果均表明,该方法利用底部空洞位置固定这一特点建立复杂度仅为O(n)的修补算法,能够快速有效的实现球面实景底部空洞的修复.