HACCP在浓香菜籽油生产中的应用

为了保障浓香菜籽油的产品质量安全,采用HACCP体系对浓香菜籽油生产全过程进行生物、物理、化学的危害分析,确定关键控制点,制定预防措施,并对生产环节进行有效监控,制定纠偏措施,做好记录管理,为浓香菜籽油的安全生产提供借鉴。     

浓香型白酒酿造过程中“关键质量控制点”的确定与控制分析

中国白酒历史悠久,工艺独特,其中浓香型白酒占全国白酒销量的较大比例。为控制浓香型白酒的酿造质量,满足消费者对白酒产品的质量需求,本文以安徽金种子酒业股份有限公司浓香型白酒为例,结合HACCP体系过程及关键点控制与ISO9000标准过程质量控制,对直接和间接影响浓香型白酒酿造质量的各环节进行分析。浓香型白酒酿造程序包括原辅料、大曲、蒸煮和糊化、配糟入池、出池蒸馏等,确定了酿造关键质量控制点、质量和食品安全管理的主要危害因素及严重危害因素,并进一步针对性地建立了相应的预防和控制措施,以总结白酒企业实施预防性控制措施的方法,为企业的原酒酿造管理提供参考。     

HACCP-based procedures in Germany and Poland

A study concerning HACCP implementation was conducted in 86 German and 66 Polish food enterprises. The questions asked in this study addressed HACCP implementation according to the 12 steps defined by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Some deficiencies were identified. As the results show, the specification of biological hazards is frequently not sufficient to provide suitable guidance mechanisms, and to monitor the limits, and therefore, they are not in compliance with Codex Alimentarius and Regulation (EC) No 852/2004. Furthermore, a lack of consistence in defining terms (e.g. CP) leads to their diverging application in practice. Overall, the HACCP implementation in Poland was found to comply somewhat better with the Codex Alimentarius principles and Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 than in Germany.     

可可粉固体饮料与HACCP体系的技术研究

为确保食品安全,提高可可粉固体饮料的产品质量,应用HACCP原理,对可可粉固体饮料生产过程中进行危害分析(HA),确定关键控制点(CCP),并制定和采取预防措施,是保证可可粉固体饮料产品质量的有效方法。     

Food Safety Management System validation and verification in meat industry: Carcass sampling methods for microbiological hygiene criteria – A review

During validation and verification of the system for the proper implementation of HACCP principles, it is essential to rely on microbiological data. Considerable science research has been carried out during the last twenty years on sampling and testing of carcasses for hygiene criteria. This includes the preferable indicator microorganisms to be used, in order to indicate the general hygiene of slaughtering procedures, the evaluation of microbiological data gathered and the sampling methods. Furthermore, European Union (EU) and the United States have adopted the procedures for HACCP validation and verification in their legislation. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the relevant modern trends in this field of food science. In conclusion, microbiological data based on the indicators should be interpreted only to assess general trends in the hygiene process of the operator in order to take corrective action. Microbiological results, obtained only at the end of the slaughtering process, do not provide information on the cause of the problem. Therefore, ‘process-based’ microbiological criteria which are based on values measured at various stages of the process, including final carcass values, should be used. Finally, in order to implement an adequate monitoring system, non-destructive techniques of carcass sampling could be used instead of excision. The microbial recovery may be lower, but it is proportional to the excision recovery and therefore, non-destructive techniques, like swabbing with sponges, could be a practical sampling method for the estimation of indicators during the slaughtering procedure and hygiene evaluation.     

Temporal patterns in the occurrence of Salmonella in raw meat and poultry products and their relationship to human illnesses in the United States

The prevalence and level of microbial pathogens on various commodities often exhibit seasonal patterns. As a consequence, the incidence of foodborne illness tends to follow these trends. Of the various product classes, the occurrence of microbial contamination can be high on raw meat and poultry products, with Salmonella potentially occurring in all meat and poultry product classes. Since 1999, the Food Safety and Inspection Service in the United States has collected samples of meat and poultry products and analyzed them for the presence of Salmonella. This study uses a common modeling approach to estimate the seasonal change in the proportion of test-positive samples for seven classes of raw meat and poultry products. The results generally support the hypothesis of a seasonal increase of Salmonella during the summer months. The proportions of test-positive samples decrease rapidly in the late fall for all product classes except chicken and ground turkey, which remain somewhat elevated through late winter. A comparison of the pathogens' seasonal pattern in meat and poultry with human cases reveals that the seasonal increase in human cases precedes the seasonal increase in meat and poultry by between one and three months. These results suggest that while contaminated meat and poultry products may be responsible for a substantial number of human cases, they are not necessarily the primary driver of the seasonal pattern in human salmonellosis.     

Application of multivariate statistical analysis to quality control systems. Relevance of the stages in poultry meat production

The poultry meat production includes several stages. In this study, the whole process has been evaluated in order to determine the stages or processes which must be specially taken into account in the control system, and which other could be out of the routine controls. The study has been carried out in reverse by studying the relevance of every stages starting from the end of the process towards the initial point.A sequence of operations and consecutive statistical analyses has been performed to finally state the stages and/or operations that must be controlled.Based on the result of statistical studies, the plucking, gutting, washing and classifying stages should be considered Process Control Points. Air chilling and packaging stages are not considered checkpoints in the process verification system, although they should be included within the Good Hygiene Practices, since factors such as temperature, time, cleaning, disinfection or appropriate conditions of handling should be monitored.     

消费者对HACCP认证食用油的支付意愿及其影响因素研究——以天津市消费者为例

本文研究了消费者是否愿意为通过HACCP认证的食用油支付额外价格及影响支付意愿的因素。通过问卷调查,采用Logistic回归模型分析最终得出了消费者的支付意愿及关键影响因素。     

冻鸡制品生产的关键控制点

运用HACCP的基本原理，就肉鸡加工过程中的质量控制进行分析，确定关键控制点，并制定相应措施，保证冻鸡制品质量，在当前食品安全问题频频发生的今天与各位专家探讨冻鸡制品生产过程中的质量控制。