改性木质素磺酸盐与黏结剂配伍的WG成粒性

[目的]改性术质素磺酸钠GCL4-1是一种优良农药分散剂,但其用于水分散粒剂(WG)时成粒性较国外产品稍差.[方法]将GCL4-1与6种农药常用黏结剂(淀粉、糊精、红糖、术糖、羟甲基纤维素钠、聚乙二醇)配伍后,测试WG的粒径分布及悬浮率、崩解性等性能.[结果]当淀粉质量分数为5％时,WG粒径在0.45～0.9 mm范围的颗粒达49.5％,热贮前后悬浮率分别为89.61％、87.77％,崩解液放置2h后沉淀层厚度为0.614 mm,稳定性略差于Kinsperse 126作分散剂制备的WG.糊精最佳质量分数为3％,此时粒径在0.45～0.9 mm范围的颗粒达45.6％,热贮前后悬浮率分别为91.26％、89.53％,崩解液放置2 h后沉淀层厚度仅为0.508 mm,稳定性与Kinsperse 126作分散剂的WG相当.[结论]淀粉和糊精与GCL4-1配伍使用能使WG具有较好的成粒性和优良的分散稳定性.     

纳米糊精微球对头孢曲松钠的吸附及其释药性能

以糊精为原料,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,利用反相微乳液法制备糊精纳米微球,并对头孢曲松钠的吸附载药和释药性能进行了研究。为模拟人体血液环境,选取了pH 7.4的磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液为介质考查了糊精微球的吸附载药及降解性能。实验表明,纳米糊精微球对头孢曲松钠的载药率为9.44%,载药能力随着投药量的增加而增加,温度对载药能力的影响不显著,在α-淀粉酶存在的条件下,降解6 h后有23.94%的纳米糊精微球被降解。     

辛烯基琥珀酸糊精酯的制备及其乳化性的研究

研究了辛烯基琥珀酸糊精酯的合成工艺以及其乳化性能,并以产品的取代度(DS)为指标,对该酯化工艺的影响因素进行了单因素实验。实验结果表明在OSA添加量为糊精干基3%的条件下,最佳的工艺条件为:麦芽糊精乳质量分数40%,反应体系pH值8.5,反应温度35℃,反应时间5 h;经红外光谱扫描后,产品在1725 cm-1处有C=O伸缩振动吸收峰,在1574 cm-1处有C=C伸缩振动吸收峰;糊精酯可以作为乳化剂应用于饮料乳液的制备,随着DE值的增大,其乳化油滴的能力降低。     

GENE TECHNOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL YEASTS

Yeast genetics is now available as a practical tool for the development of brewing industry practices. The contribution of Brewing Research Foundation work (1978–84) to recent advances is illustrated by the construction of brewing strains with superattenuating (amylolytic) or anti-contaminant properties. Approaches based on hybridisation (by rare mating) or recombinant DNA technology have been evaluated. Techniques developed for (i) gene transfer to brewing strains, (ii) ensuring stable inheritance of novel characteristics and (iii) exploiting the secretory ability of yeast strains, can be widely applied not only with brewing, distilling, baking or wine yeasts, but also in the use of yeasts to produce novel biotechnical products. ‘Spin-off’ from these studies includes valuable methods for differentiating or enumerating wild yeasts in brewery quality control.     

Enzymatic production of linear long-chain dextrin from sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch

Pullulanase (EC.3.2.1.41) was used to generate more linear-chain dextrin from sago starch (24.9% amylose) such that the resulting product could act as a high amylose starch. A starch suspension of 5.0% (w/v) sago starch was heated at 100 °C for 45 min and, after cooling, the gelatinized sago starch was hydrolyzed with 2.0% (v/dry weight starch) pullulanase (Promozyme 400L, Novozymes A/S, Denmark) for 24 h. The linear long-chain dextrin (LLD) content of the hydrolysate after drying, was then compared with the initial LLD content. The surface morphology of the starch granules was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of gelatinization, time of reaction, pretreatment with different strengths of hydrochloric acid prior to enzyme hydrolysis, and starch and enzyme concentrations were studied. Raw sago starch was resistant to the action of pullulanase, but caused an increase in the LLD of that sago starch from an initial concentration of 24.9–33.2% following gelatinization. The best conditions to maximize the amount of LLD were 5.0% (w/v) sago starch, 2.0% (v/w) enzyme and 12 h reaction time. Acid pretreatment of the sago starch did not cause greater improvement in the accessibility and susceptibility of pullulanase as the LLD content, following pullulanase action did not change significantly. Shrinkage on the surface of the starch granules was observed with the SEM.     

难消化糊精及其制备工艺

近年来膳食纤维的重要性得到了越来越多的关注,在许多国家除了糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质外,膳食纤维被称为第六营养素。难消化糊精是以淀粉为原料制造的,是水溶性膳食纤维的一种。对难消化糊精的性状、结构、制备工艺以及影响产品质量的因素进行介绍。     

高纯度难消化糊精的制备工艺及其特性研究

研究了高纯度难消化糊精的制备工艺及其特性。以玉米淀粉为原料,经过高温酸解得到焦糊精,再酶解、浓缩,采用酒精沉淀的方法得到难消化糊精后用酒精洗去葡萄糖,制备高纯度难消化糊精。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:加酸量为12%,焦糊化温度为180℃,焦糊化时间为0.5h,酒精洗涤次数为6次,此时高纯度难消化糊精得率可达40.32%,纯度可达95.30%。并测定了高纯度难消化糊精的分子量分布和热特性分析,重均分子量为8607u,热稳定性高。本文为其在各类食品中的应用奠定了一定基础。     

以淀粉为原料制造难消化糊精

本文介绍了以淀粉为原料制造难消化糊精的工艺过程。并对产品组成成分的影响因素一一作了阐述。     

黄酒中非糖固形物的研究

非糖固形物是黄酒国家标准中的控制指标,也是黄酒生产企业普遍关注的一个问题。文中通过对不同生产工艺酒样糖类物质指标的理化测定及HPLC糖谱分析得到,糊精是非糖固形物中的一个重要组成部分。采用不同工艺生产的黄酒,其中糊精的含量不同,这就影响到黄酒中非糖固形物含量具有明显差异。     

淀粉类多糖在方解石和萤石表面吸附特性及作用机理

通过吸附试验，Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）、浮选试验、系统地研究了糊精在萤石和方解石表面作用行为，结果发现，方解石经糊精作用前后ＣａＬＭＭ俄歇参数变化值为０．８０ｅＶ，变化显著，这说明糊精与方解石表面作用为化学键合；而萤石经糊精处理前后ＣａＬＭＭ俄歇参数变化值为－０．２０ｅＶ，变化不明显，说明糊精与萤石表面化学作用很弱，更接近物理作用－氢键作用；浮选试验结果证实了测试结果可