Quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Using computer vision system combined with artificial neural network: A novel method

A novel technology based on computer vision system (CVS) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HZB). The quality evaluation of HZB mainly depended on its colour, odour substances, and impurities. In this study, the contents of volatile oil (VOC), total alkylamides (TALC) and impurities (IMC) were determined and used as indices for quality control of HZB. Furthermore, CVS was also performed to determine the colour parameters (RGB values) and further transforms to CIE L*, a^*, and b*. Then, ANN was carried out to analyse the correlations between colour values obtained by CVS and quality parameters of HZB (VOC, TALC, and IMC). Higher performance and stability were presented by using CVS for determining the coloristic values of HZB. In addition, the present results also showed that the established method based on ANN could be used to predict the VOC, TALC, and IMC of HZB with the R² values of 0.9991, 0.9995, and 0.9998, respectively. This novel technology based on CVS combined with ANN could be used for the rapid, non-destructive, and effective evaluation of the quality of HZB.     

Biodiversity,Phylogeny, and Antifungal Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum

This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. A high diversity of endophytic fungi from Z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness S (43), Margalef index D′ (6.1351), Shannon–Wiener index H′ (3.2743), Simpson diversity index D_s (0.9476), PIE index (0.9486), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8705) but a low dominant index λ (0.0524). Significant tissue specificity of the endophytic fungi was observed in Z. bungeanum, and the highest species richness and diversity indexes were obtained in the stem. Phylogenetic analyses of the 93 endophytic isolates were carried out by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to demonstrate their evolutionary processes. Antifungal activities of endophytic fungi were assayed and eight endophytic isolates showed strong and long-lasting inhibition against host pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Pseudocercospora zanthoxyli. Here, for the first time, we systematically demonstrate the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Z. bungeanum and reveal the value of sampling different tissues of a given plant to obtain the greatest endophyte species diversity, which might offer a framework for further investigation and utilization of endophytic fungi as aunique source of interesting and useful bioactive compounds.     

花椒精油挥发性物质分析及其对红白血病HEL细胞分化和凋亡的影响

目的 研究余庆花椒精油(Yuqing Zanthoxylum bungeanum Essential Oil,YZBO)的挥发性化学物质及其对红白血病HEL细胞分化和凋亡的影响。方法 采用HS-SPME-GC-MS检测分析YZBO的挥发性风味,并以不同质量浓度(1 μg/mL、5 μg/mL和10 μg/mL)YZBO处理HEL细胞24h后,采用MTT和台酚蓝计数分析细胞存活,流式细胞仪检测HEL细胞CD71、CD235a、CD41的分化以及ROS情况,流式细胞仪和Hoechst33258染色法检测HEL细胞凋亡情况。结果 YZBO含有99种化学成分,包括28种醇类物质、7种酯类物质、1种醛类物质、6种酸类物质、4种酮类物质、37种烯烃类、7种烷烃类物质、2种炔烃类物质、2种酚类物质和5种其他物质。橙花叔醇、榄香醇和τ-杜松醇是主要的醇类物质,乙酸苯乙酯和异乔木萜醇乙酸酯是其的主要酯类物质。YZBO对HEL细胞的IC50值为2.94386 μg/mL,促进CD71(45.6%)和CD235a(38.8%)的分化,而对CD41的分化不明显,诱导HEL细胞程序性凋亡,凋亡数目呈剂量和时间依赖性,镜下和染色观察发现细胞体积变小,核固缩以及呈高亮蓝色等典型细胞凋亡形态学改变。结论 YZBO的化合物主要是烷类、醇类和烯类化合物,具有抗红白血病HEL细胞的生物活性,促进分化未成熟的HEL细胞向成熟细胞方向分化,抑制向巨核细胞方向分化,并诱导其凋亡。     

New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC₅₀ values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.     

花椒挥发油超临界CO2萃取的工艺优化及GC-MS分析

本文以花椒油得率为指标,通过响应面法优化超临界CO_2法萃取花椒挥发油工艺,并利用GC-MS分析挥发油的成分,同时以水蒸气蒸馏法作对比。结果表明,当温度42℃,压力30 MPa,提取180 min时,超临界CO_2法的得率高达12.70%,是水蒸气蒸馏法得率的2.27倍。GC-MS分析发现两种提取方法所得挥发油的组成相似,含量差异较大,主要成分有花椒油素(32.99%/10.56%)、芳樟醇(4.68%/4.84%)、桉叶油醇(3.92%/5.84%)、α-松油醇(4.55%/7.04%)、4-萜烯醇(2.95%/10.42%)、乙酸松油酯(5.19%/7.24%)、薄荷酮(5.40%/4.41%)、茴香脑(2.91%/3.73%)等,其中超临界CO_2法所得挥发油中的花椒油素含量最高,达到32.99%。这说明与传统的水蒸气蒸馏法相比,超临界CO_2萃取法的提取效率更高,而且所得挥发油含有高含量的花椒油素,这为花椒油素的提纯,花椒挥发油的开发利用提供了参考。     

花椒的活性成分与应用研究

本文综述了花椒中的主要化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况 ,以及花椒中各成分的药理作用 ;并且简单讨论了花椒的加工产品及其在食品、化工等方面的应用     

花椒的成分研究及其应用

介绍了花椒的主要成分及花椒的主要用途。花椒中富含挥发油、植物碱、酰胺类物质等，因品种、产地的不同这些物质组分和含量有较大区别。在食品工业上花椒作为调味剂使用，并被加工成各种深加工产品；同时花椒作为中药也被广泛应用。     

基于HPLC与主成分分析法区别西南地区不同产地花椒的地域差异:标记化合物的测定和鉴定

为研究西南地区不同产地花椒的地域差别,本文选取了5个产地花椒的15个样品作为实验材料,采用有机溶剂提取并用柱层析方法分离得到不同的组分。通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对分离后的组分进行分析。利用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),找出汉源花椒与其他产地花椒的主要差异物。结果表明,汉源花椒能够与其他产地花椒明显区分,且PLS-DA的分离效果优于PCA。以VIP（变量重要性）>1及p<0.05为指标筛选出汉源花椒和其他产地花椒的主要差异物为新绿原酸、绿原酸、槲皮苷、羟基-β-山椒素和羟基-γ-山椒素,其中汉源花椒的羟基-γ-山椒素含量显著高于其他产地花椒,其他差异物含量均低于其他产地花椒,差异有显著性（p<0.05）。本研究为不同产地花椒的筛选及品质评价提供了一定的理论基础和实验数据。     

二维红外相关光谱在两面针与单面针鉴别中的应用

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法及二维红外相关光谱法对两面针与单面针进行研究,探讨其一维、二维红外光谱特征及其差异,为快速鉴定两面针样品提供依据。两面针与单面针均为芸香科花椒属木本植物,均可入药,2者外形极为相似,药材市场常用靡价的单面针制成饮片冒充两面针。本实验结果表明:两面针与单面针的一维红外光谱差别甚小,但通过二阶导数光谱结合二维傅里叶红外光谱的方法可以将2者完全区分开采。本方法快速、廉价、有效,对两面针的鉴别提供一种新的方法和技术。