Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disorder, affecting around 25% of the population worldwide. It is a complex disease spectrum, closely linked with other conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, which may increase liver-related mortality. In light of this, numerous efforts have been carried out in recent years in order to clarify its pathogenesis and create new prevention strategies. Currently, the essential role of environmental pollutants in NAFLD development is recognized. Particularly, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have a notable influence. EDCs can be classified as natural (phytoestrogens, genistein, and coumestrol) or synthetic, and the latter ones can be further subdivided into industrial (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and alkylphenols), agricultural (pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), residential (phthalates, polybrominated biphenyls, and bisphenol A), and pharmaceutical (parabens). Several experimental models have proposed a mechanism involving this group of substances with the disruption of hepatic metabolism, which promotes NAFLD. These include an imbalance between lipid influx/efflux in the liver, mitochondrial dysfunction, liver inflammation, and epigenetic reprogramming. It can be concluded that exposure to EDCs might play a crucial role in NAFLD initiation and evolution. However, further investigations supporting these effects in humans are required.     

Synthesis of magnetically recyclable porous CoFe2O4/Rh composites with large BET surface area for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant

The organic pollutants in water have been a great environment challenges to human beings, and photocatalytic degradation is an effective method to solve this problem. In this paper, the Rh-loaded cobalt ferrite CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by in situ photodeposition of Rh nanoparticles onto the porous CFO particles as the photocatalysts. After incorporating Rh nanoparticles, the CFO/Rh composite has a higher specific surface area and is more efficient in charge separation than the bare CFO. The photocatalytic efficiency of decomposing Malachite Green (MG) is improved from 70% over the bare CFO to 97% over the optimized CFO/Rh in 60 min. The CFO/Rh sample also demonstrates its durability for the degradation of MG in 5 photocatalytic reaction cycles. Additionally, hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and superoxide radicals (?O₂^?) are proved to be the crucial reactive species during the photocatalytic degradation of MG with CFO/Rh, evidenced by the active species capture experiments. This work provides a useful approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors for degrading organic dyes.     

PH-induced structural evolution,photodegradation mechanism and application of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst

In this work, we have elucidated the pH-induced structural evolution of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst based on a hydrothermal synthesis route. With increasing the pH value of precursor solution, pure Bi₂MoO₆ was synthesized at pH 2–5, Bi₂MoO₆-Bi₄MoO₉ mixture was obtained at pH 7–9, pure Bi₄MoO₉ was obtained at pH 11, and pure α-Bi₂O₃ was derived at pH 13. The as-derived samples mainly present particle-like shapes but with different particle sizes (except the observation of Bi₂MoO₆ nanowires in sample S-pH9). The photocatalytic performances between the samples were compared via the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under irradiation of simulated sunlight. The Bi₂MoO₆ sample synthesized at pH 2 exhibited the highest photodegradation performance (η(30 min) = 89.8 %, k_app = 0.05007 min^?1) among the samples. The underlying photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways of MB were systematically analyzed. Moreover, the photodegradation performance of the Bi₂MoO₆ photocatalyst was further evaluated at different acidic-alkaline environments as well as in degrading various color and colorless organic pollutants, which provides an important insight into its practical application.     

Spurenstoffabtrennung mit keramischen Nanofiltrationsmembranen als Rotationsscheibenfilter

Reducing micropollutant pollution of water bodies is an important objective of water management and an integral part of environmental policy. Ceramic nanofiltration membranes were developed as multichannel membranes of increased membrane area and rotating disk filters. The membranes developed show retention of over 80 % for PEG 400. The membranes are currently being tested for the separation of micropollutants from wastewater contaminated with pharmaceuticals. With the help of a downstream oxidative process, the trace substances remaining in the permeate are degraded.     

油田产能建设项目环境监理常见问题及解决对策

在环境监测期间,经常发现设计文件中包含的环境保护措施和设施与环境影响评估报告和批准的文件不相符,经常会出现固体废物和一些存在安全隐患的废弃物放在一起的问题,针对这些问题应采取相应的措施,将固体废物和存在安全隐患的废弃物分开放置,合理利用土地,把施工期间污染物对环境造成的影响降到最低。     

高碘酸盐的活化及降解水体有机污染物研究进展

根据高碘酸盐活化方式、活化机理和相关自由基种类等方面,叙述了国内外高碘酸盐高级氧化体系降解水体有机污染物方面的工作。基于氧化剂为高碘酸盐的高级氧化技术氧化能力强,能在较宽的pH范围内高效降解包括抗氧化能力极强的全氟辛酸(PFOA)在内的多种有机污染物,在水处理领域具有较好的应用潜力。依据目前的研究现状,结合实际需求,认为进行废水处理的小试或者中试、优化活化理论研究,以及明确各活性物质对有机物选择性降解的机理,是将来需要关注的问题以及研究方向。     

2019年济南食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测分析

摘要：目的 了解济南市2019年市售食品中化学污染物总体状况，及时发现食品安全隐患，为食品安全监管工作提供科学依据。方法 对全市12个区县的食品进行监测，按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险工作手册》和国家标准方法进行检验、评价和分析。结果 2019共采集14类1505份样品，监测项目67种，超标率为4.8%（72/1505）。从不合格样品种类来看，肉及肉制品不合格率最高，为11.2%（19/170），其次分别为食用菌和蔬菜，7.5%（6/80）、6.4%（21/330）。从不合格项目来看，铅、镉不合格率高于汞、砷；对硫磷、克百威等高毒农药在蔬菜中不合格率较高，分别为1.8%（6/330）、1.2%（4/330）；禁用药物克伦特罗在生畜肉内脏中不合格率最高为6.5%（11/170）；漂白剂二氧化硫在干食用菌中不合格率为5.0%（4/80）略高于面制品中食品添加剂不合格率4.1%。结论 济南市2019年总体状况良好，但仍然存在食品安全隐患。较为突出的问题为生畜肉及其内脏中“瘦肉精”类物质不合格率较高；面制品、干食用菌中违规超量使用食品添加剂；个别蔬菜中高毒农药项目不合格等，下一步仍需要加强隐患食品种类和项目的监测和监管，保障消费者的食品安全。     

α-Bi2O3/β-Ni(OH)2 composites: Effective solar light photocatalysts for organic pollutants degradation

α-Bi₂O₃/β-Ni(OH)₂ composites exhibited perfect photocatalytic properties for organic pollutants degradation under sunlight irradiation. Pure α-Bi₂O₃ and β-Ni(OH)₂ were prepared by coprecipitation method and then mechanically mixed in different proportions to form α-Bi₂O₃/β-Ni(OH)₂ composites. The XRD and FTIR analyses have well emphasized the formation of monoclinic α-Bi₂O₃ and hexagonal β-Ni(OH)₂ phases with high crystallinity. The SEM micrographs of α-Bi₂O₃ and β-Ni(OH)₂ powders displayed a rod and sheet shaped grains, respectively. The band gap of the pure α-Bi₂O₃ was estimated to be 2.87 eV. Pure β-Ni(OH)₂ revealed three absorption bands in the UV–visible light region. α-Bi₂O₃/β-Ni(OH)₂ composites have a more intense absorption in the visible light region compared to pure α-Bi₂O₃ sample. Modification of α-Bi₂O₃ by β-Ni(OH)₂ induced a superior photocatalytic activity especially at β-Ni(OH)₂ content of 12 wt% in α-Bi₂O₃ (BN-12 composite). This composite showed high efficiencies of 99%, 96%, 91% and 90% for methylene blue, Congo red, methyl orange and 4-niropheniol degradation in 80, 80, 180 and 300 min under sunlight irradiation, respectively. The remarkable photocatalytic activity of the α-Bi₂O₃/β-Ni(OH)₂ composite was attributed to the new states in charge separation, charge transportation and the intensive absorption of visible light. α-Bi₂O₃/β-Ni(OH)₂ composite (BN-12) has a great potential in removing of cationic and anionic dyes beside phenolic compounds from wastewater.     

我国主产区油茶持久性有机污染物分布特征及相关性研究

为了明确油茶中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的污染分布特征,利用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)对我国主产区45个采样点135批次油茶果不同部位及对应油茶林土壤进行16种多环芳烃(PAHs)、18种多氯联苯(PCBs)和21种有机氯(OCPs)污染水平分析。同时分析油茶籽仁和油茶林土壤中主要POPs之间相关性。结果表明:油茶果各部位及油茶林土壤PAHs污染以萘、苊烯、苊萘嵌戊烷、荧蒽等低环PAHs污染较为明显;PCBs污染程度很轻,含量均在1μg/kg以下;OCPs污染主要为狄氏剂、毒杀芬、α-六六六、硫丹、异狄氏剂和艾氏剂。油茶籽仁中荧蒽与菲具有强正相关(R~2=0.90);油茶林土壤中芴与菲,■与苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘和苯并(a)蒽,PCB138与茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘,PCB180与苯并(g,h,i)苝,p,p′-DDE与o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDD之间均具有较强相关性(R~2=0.81～0.98)。     

土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。