双亲纳米SiO2颗粒的制备及提高渗吸采收率性能

以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂，以双氧水为氧化剂，在水基环境下对亲水纳米SiO2颗粒表面进行改性，得到具有磺酸基和辛基的双亲纳米SiO2颗粒，并通过红外和热重对其化学结构和热稳定性进行分析。将双亲纳米SiO2颗粒分散在地层水中制备纳米流体，并评价纳米流体的稳定性、界面性质和渗吸效率。利用核磁共振技术探究纳米流体渗吸过程中岩心孔隙内原油运移规律。结果表明，纳米流体储存30 d未出现分层现象，表现出良好的稳定性；经纳米流体处理的岩心亲水性增强。此外，双亲纳米SiO2颗粒将油水界面张力降低至1.7 mN/m；纳米流体渗吸采收率高达22.6%，渗吸初始阶段小孔隙中的原油被动用，而在渗吸后期阶段大孔隙中的原油才被动用。     

苏里格气田盒8段致密砂岩气储层滑溜水压裂渗吸实验研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田盒8段致密砂岩气藏储层为研究对象,对其天然岩心进行了室内自发渗吸模拟实验,具体选择采用质量法和体积法,分析研究了影响致密砂岩储层自吸的因素。实验表明,渗透率、温度因素对致密砂岩岩心渗吸采收率的影响较大,且都为积极影响。     

表面活性剂对低渗透油藏渗吸的影响

采用不同类型的表面活性剂进行自发渗吸实验,并对表面活性剂改善岩石润湿性、降低界面张力的能力进行了分析。实验结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂改善润湿性的能力好于其他类型的表面活性剂,且在岩心中的自发渗吸效果最好,这是由于阴离子型表面活性剂改善润湿性的机理为离子对形成机理,强于阳离子的吸附机理;接触角是决定渗吸能否发生的决定性因素,只有接触角小于70°时渗吸才能发生;界面张力影响渗吸速度和最终采出程度,对于渗透率为1 mD的岩心,最佳界面张力为10~(-1) mN/m。     

表面活性剂作用下致密水湿砂岩的渗吸特征

针对致密油藏低孔低渗的特点,笔者通过核磁共振测试的方法开展了致密水湿砂岩的自发渗吸实验,研究了表面活性剂作用下的致密岩心自发渗吸驱油机理及其对不同孔隙中油相的动用程度。实验证明,小孔隙吸水大孔隙排油是致密水湿砂岩渗吸驱油的主要机理,渗吸对小孔隙中原油的动用程度远高于其他孔隙,达到了70%以上,渗吸采油可以成为致密油藏开发的一种有效开采方式。研究也发现,十二烷基硫酸钠与其他表面活性剂相比表面活性剂,在促进油滴活化,提高洗油效率等方面效果更明显,提高了渗吸效率,乳化作用可能在渗吸采油中发挥着重要的作用。     

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

An experimental study was performed to investigate the impact of low salinity water on wettability alteration in carbonate core samples from southern Iranian reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition. In this paper, the effect of temperature, salinity, permeability and connate water were investigated by comparing the produced hydrocarbon curves. Contact angle measurements were taken to confirm the alteration of surface wettability of porous media. Oil recovery was enhanced by increasing the dilution ratio of sea water, and there existed an optimum dilution ratio at which the highest oil recovery was achieved. In addition, temperature had a very significant impact on oil recovery from carbonate rocks. Furthermore, oil recovery from a spontaneous imbibition process was directly proportional to the permeability of the core samples. The presence of connate water saturation inside the porous media facilitated oil production significantly. Also, the oil recovery from porous media was highly dependent on ion repulsion/attraction activity of the rock surface which directly impacts on the wettability conditions. Finally, the highest ion attraction percentage was measured for sodium while there was no significant change in pH for all experiments.     

Composition, soaking, cooking properties and thermal characteristics of starch of chickpeas, wrinkled peas and smooth peas

We investigated both the distribution of protein, ash and starch in legume (chickpeas, smooth and wrinkled peas) cotyledons, and the soaking and cooking characteristics, including gelatinization and retrogradation, of the starch. There were large differences in composition between different types of legumes and also between the outer and inner parts of legume cotyledons. Wrinkled peas exhibited much higher water absorption during prolonged soaking and there were higher hardness value determined for cooked seeds compared with chickpeas and smooth peas. While the hardness of cooked seeds decreased continuously as cooking time increased to 110 min, all legume starch was fully gelatinized after cooking for 70 min.     

裂缝性低渗砂岩油藏渗吸驱油效果的影响因素分析

由于裂缝性油藏储集空间物理性质的复杂性和特殊性,渗吸效果控制着低渗透裂缝性水驱开发动态与开发效果。本文在分析油藏渗吸驱油机理基础上,对影响油藏渗吸驱油效果的各种因素进行了综合分析,为制定裂缝性油藏合理的渗吸注水开发方式提供了理论依据。     

缝网压裂裂缝形态对低渗油藏渗吸采油效果影响实验

大庆油田外围地区低渗油藏储量非常丰富,但由于缺乏有效的开发手段,采出程度比较低。渗吸采油是(弱)亲水低渗油藏有效开发的技术措施之一。以大庆外围扶余储层流体性质和地质特征为模拟对象,在仿真模型上开展缝网压裂裂缝长度和条数对渗吸采油效果影响实验。研究结果表明:随缝网压裂裂缝主缝长度和分支缝数量增加,渗吸面积增加,油水交渗作用增强,渗吸采收率增加,但增幅逐渐减小;"渗吸液+增能剂"组合使用能够产生原油降黏、补充驱替动力和油水交渗等3因素间协同效应,可以大幅度提高渗吸采油效果,采收率增幅超过15%。     

一维两相同向渗吸模型的求解方法

渗吸作用是裂缝性储层提高原油采收率的重要机理,润湿相在毛细管力、重力的作用下进入储层基质,通过同向或逆向渗吸作用置换基质内的非润湿相。基于渗吸模型的局限性,文中推导了一维两相同向渗吸模型的通式,在相对渗透率曲线和毛细管压力曲线简化的基础上进行无因次化处理,并采用差分法进行了求解,获得了饱和度前缘移动曲线。采用COMSOL软件,对上述模型进行结果验证,并与逆向渗吸模型进行了对比。结果表明:COMSOL求解结果与文中求解结果近似,同向渗吸模型饱和度前缘推进速度比逆向渗吸更快,同向渗吸效率更高,采出原油更多。在裂缝性储层、常规甚至致密储层中,如果采用体积改造,密集切割储层基质,形成裂缝网络,则可发挥同向渗吸作用,提高原油采出程度。     

致密油藏孔喉分布特征对渗吸驱油规律的影响

自发渗吸是致密油藏中一种重要开发机理,构建准确的渗吸驱油数学模型对明确致密油藏渗吸驱油规律具有重要意义。基于毛管束模型,考虑束缚水和残余油饱和度,利用二维高斯分布函数拟合从高压压汞测量得到的致密砂岩孔喉分布,构建岩心尺度致密砂岩基质渗吸驱油数学模型,并通过致密砂岩渗吸实验对数学模型进行验证,开展渗吸规律影响因素分析,明确孔喉分布、润湿角、界面张力等因素对渗吸驱油速率的影响。结果表明,致密砂岩微纳米孔喉分布在半对数图中呈二维高斯分布特征;在自发渗吸初期,渗吸驱油速率主要取决于大孔分布特征,岩心渗透率越高,渗吸驱油速率越大;在自发渗吸中后期,渗吸驱油速率主要受纳米孔喉分布影响;渗吸驱油速率随润湿角降低、油水界面张力增大、原油黏度降低而增大。明确致密储层孔喉分布特征能够准确预测致密油藏渗吸驱油速率,对致密油藏开采制度的确定具有一定的指导作用。