除尘灰中微量有害元素的富集形态研究

为解决高炉有害元素对炼铁系统的危害,结合国丰炼铁系统的烧结、高炉除尘灰SEM、EDS、XRD、面扫描分析,得出以下结论：烧结机尾除尘灰及高炉重力除尘灰的有害元素含量较少,可直接应用到烧结生产中;而烧结机机头除尘灰含有害元素K、Cl、S,并且烧结矿中K与Cl元素几乎都以KCl形式存在,高炉除尘灰有害元素较为复杂,其有害元素存在形式多为絮状结晶,且以Zn形核长大为主,K、Cl形成KCl粘附于絮状晶体上,S也几乎全部集中在絮状晶体中。烧结机头除尘灰及高炉布袋除尘灰必须经过处理才能再次应用到烧结生产中。     

汽车链发动机总成试验及磨损特性

通过汽车发动机总成试验,研究了汽车链的磨损机制和磨损伸长率,分析了销轴和套筒磨损表面的微观形貌和滚子材料的金相组织,探讨了汽车链主要零件的塑性变形和磨损表面的循环特性,并通过联结牢固度的压出力试验阐述了汽车链过盈配合表面的微动磨损现象及其原因。结果表明,销轴和套筒磨损表面的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主,同时伴有磨粒磨损和粘着磨损;经过3000 h高速试验,链板和滚子产生了以往少见的较大塑性变形,滚子磨损表面产生了循环硬化,并且过盈配合表面产生了严重的微动磨损。     

川中地区磨溪区块震旦系顶面古岩溶微地貌及其发育特征

针对四川盆地磨溪区块震旦系顶面古岩溶"微地貌"单元划分不系统、研究较为缺乏的问题,综合分析磨溪区块的三维地震资料和钻井资料,论证并选取下寒武统沧浪铺组内部海泛面作为震旦系灯影组的上覆标志面,采用印模法恢复了震旦系顶面的古岩溶地貌。在此基础上,借鉴地貌学的经典坡位分类,结合磨溪区块震旦系顶面古岩溶地貌的发育特征,建立了磨溪区块震旦系顶面古岩溶微地貌的发育模式。优选坡度、剖面曲率、相对高程和长宽比4个参数,厘定各参数定量表征的标准,结合沟谷提取的分析结果,将磨溪区块划分为8类古岩溶微地貌单元,明确了磨溪区块震旦系顶面不同微地貌单元的发育特征,分析了不同微地貌单元中垂向岩溶风化带及溶蚀孔洞层发育程度的差异。研究表明,磨溪区块可划分为陡坡、坡肩、坡脚、残丘、坡顶、坡底、洼地和沟谷8类古岩溶微地貌单元。其中,残丘、洼地、坡顶和坡底在平面上呈低长宽比的似圆状、不规则状;坡肩、陡坡、坡脚和沟谷呈条带状。从坡肩、坡脚到坡底,各微地貌单元中的地表岩溶带和垂直渗流带厚度明显减小,水平潜流带厚度增大。溶蚀孔洞层在水平潜流带中的发育程度大于地表岩溶带和垂直渗流带中的发育程度,且水平潜流带厚度越大的部位其溶蚀孔洞层的累计厚度越大。坡底是有利于溶蚀孔洞层发育的微地貌单元。     

La microscopie confocale: interet pour l'analyse du relief cutané. Un outil d'évaluation dermo-cosmétique

Nowadays, the determination of human skin microtopography is usually carried out by methods based on mechanical techniques (profilometry and surfometry), or founded on optical conception (shadowing method and profilometry). Negative skin replicas made of a silicone rubber material (Silflo((R))) or positive casts performed from an epoxy resin (Araldite((R))), are used to assess the skin microstructure. Skin surface microtopography is quantified by measuring furrows depths and spaces between them. An original application using confocal scanning laser microscope (CLSM) is described in this paper. The CLSM gives simultaneously images of the skin surface associated with quantitative measurements of the microtopography. With this apparatus, it is easy to achieve perfect skin replica images with assessment of its microstructure, before and after applications of topical medicines or cosmetic products to evaluate the skin surface restoration. It is worth to mention that it is indispensable to analyse the same skin surface (same plateaux and same furrows). For this reason, it is necessary to localize exactly and to replicate the same skin surface area (4 mm(2)) before and after the cosmetic use, whatever the extended period of the topical application.     

开膜法养殖淡水珍珠的表面微形貌演化特征

为了解淡水珍珠的成珠过程,采用环境扫描电子显微镜对开膜法养殖异形淡水珍珠样品的表面微形貌特征进行了观察。结果显示,在异形淡水珍珠样品珍珠层中,成层排列的文石板块形状各异,具有多层和有序的特点;在珍珠层的生长初期,形成于成核小片上的有机质为三角帆蚌外套膜细胞所分泌,其为后期矿物提供进一步沉淀的局限空间和成核作用的基底,具有确定矿物成核大小、空间排列、结晶取向和离子堆积是否出现同质多象的功能。同时,珍珠样品表面出现了与在海水珍珠和以淡水池蝶蚌为母贝的淡水珍珠中类似的螺旋生长纹,这可能是其在生长过程中受有机质的调控作用,使文石晶体在不同部位上的堆积具有差异性,也使文石晶体在特定面网方向上生长,控制了其成核结晶取向和堆叠方式,导致其螺旋堆积,形成类似螺旋纹的生长外观。     

Optical coherence tomography as a tool for characterization of complex biological surfaces

The advent of scanning electron microscopy has facilitated our understanding of the biology in relation to surface microstructure of many invertebrates. In recent years, interest in biomimetics and bio‐inspired materials has further propelled the search for novel microstructures from natural surfaces. As this search widens in diversity to nurture deeper understanding of form and function, the need often arises to examine rare specimens. Unfortunately, most methods for characterization of the microtopography of natural surfaces are sacrificial, and as such, place limiting constraints on research progress in situations where only a few rare specimens are known, such as the rich resources lodged in natural history museum collections. In this paper, we introduce the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive tool for bioimaging surface microtopography of crab shells. The technique enables the capture of microstructures down to micron level using low coherence near‐infrared light source. OCT has allowed surface microtopography imaging on crab shells to be carried out rapidly and in a nondestructive manner, compared to the scanning electron microscope technique. The microtopography of four preserved crab specimens from Acanthodromia margarita, Ranina ranina, Conchoecetes intermedius and Dromia dormia imaged using OCT were similar to images obtained from scanning electron microscope, showing that OCT imaging retains the overall morphological form during the scanning process. By comparing the physical lengths of the spinal structures from images obtained from OCT and scanning electron microscope, the results showed that dimensional integrity of the images captured from OCT was also maintained.     

A dual gradient assay for the parametric analysis of cell-surface interactions

Cellular response to microgrooves is addressed using a new assay format, comprising orthogonal gradients of continuously varied groove pitch and depth. Dual layer etch masks are created using a combination of micropatterning and plasma polymer deposition. A silicon substrate with a constant groove width of 8 μm and with ridge width increasing from 8 μm in 0.5 μm steps across 10 mm is fabricated by photolithography. A plasma-polymerized hexane film which is 120 nm thick at one end of these grooves, and 10 nm at the other, is deposited under a diffusion mask. Reactive etching of the patterned sample transfers a gradient of groove pitch and groove depth into the silicon substrate. A silicon master with a gradient of groove depth spanning more than two orders of magnitude (less than 10 nm to over 1000 nm) is used to create an injection molding inlay for mass replication of the screening topography. Polycarbonate replicas are molded for use in cell culture studies, and the functionality of the topography as a high-throughput screening platform is investigated. The response of MDCK, h-TERT fibroblasts, and LE2 endothelial cells is examined, in terms of attachment and morphological response to the variation in topographical cues, with the aim of pinpointing the optimal combination of groove pitch and depth to elicit a tailored response from each cell type. When the range of topographical features screened on a single substrate is considered, this new assay represents a significant step forward in the parametric design and analysis of topographical cues at the biomaterial interface.     

基于投影栅相位法的透明体表面微观形貌测量

投影栅线相位法通常用于宏观三维形貌的测量,本文提出将其应用于透明体微观形貌领域的测量,从而拓展了测量方法的测量领域,实际测量了准分子激光近视治疗仪加工的有机玻璃试样,给出了表面的微观形貌。系统的向分辨率小于1μm。根据微观形貌计算了描述表面光洁度的参数,为计算激光束能量分布及治疗仪的校准提供了依据。     

表面微观形貌的显微干涉检测原理及干涉显微镜发展现状

追踪分析世界上表面微观形貌检测方面显微干涉检测原理的最新进展 ,比较干涉显微镜用于检测表面微观形貌时具有的形式、结构特点 ,分析选型研制干涉显微镜可能遇到的问题及应该研究的方面。     

塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩相特征及其对储层的控制

研究区上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积时期发育生物礁、灰泥丘、粒屑滩等亚相,这些亚微相组合成的礁(丘)滩复合体已发育.礁滩体的横向变化特征总体上表现为沿I号坡折带发育礁滩复合体.内侧主要形成丘滩复合体.储层发育受礁型微地貌影响明显,高能相带的礁滩体有利于储层的发育.礁型微地貌控制着储层发育的层位性与区域差异性.