A new application of giant reed waste material for ammonium removal

Excess nitrogen is one of the main causes of eutrophication in water bodies. In this study, the undesirable agricultural lignocellulosic material giant reed was used to remove ammonium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various parameters such as contact time, initial ammonium concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, particle size, agitation rate and phosphate coexisting during the ammonium adsorption process. The ammonium sorption capacity of fibrous giant reed (FGR) at equilibrium was 12.49?mg?N/g with a maximum removal efficiency of 76% observed within 30?min at pH range of 6.5–9.5. Results revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted better with the sorption process than the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FT-IR analyses indicated that complexation and ion exchange could be the main mechanisms for the ammonium removal by FGR. Results revealed that FGR has a sorption capacity comparable to that of other natural sorbents with the advantage of greater availability with no cost.     

污泥干化芦苇床芦苇中多环芳烃的含量分布

通过现场试验,考查了多环芳烃（PAHs）从污泥向芦苇的转移以及PAHs在芦苇各部位的分布情况。受试芦苇植于污泥干化芦苇床内,芦苇床规格3 m×1 m×1.3 m,其中高度含0.65 m填料层和0.65 m超高。试验进行了3 a,包括2 a的污泥负荷期和1 a的闲置期。2 a负荷期内共进泥8.4 m(含水率99.14%),污泥PAHs含量平均5.69 mg·kg -1。原生芦苇茎和叶中的PAHs含量相对较高,达到2.198和2.583 mg·kg -1 (DW),分别是芦苇根PAHs含量的2.44和2.87倍,且以低环PAHs为主。运行结果表明,受试芦苇对污泥中的PAHs产生了明显的富集作用。运行第2年9、10和11月取污泥干化芦苇床芦苇样品并进行检测,发现芦苇根茎叶内PAHs含量呈逐月升高趋势;第3年11月芦苇根茎叶所含PAHs总量分别为7.642、7.713、7.946 mg·kg -1 (DW),相对原生芦苇分别提高了8.50、3.52和3.08倍,且以低环PAHs为主,根茎叶低环PAHs含量占PAHs总量的55.14%、56.96%和44.59%。芦苇中PAHs的含量与植物含脂率具有显著的正相关关系,而与芦苇的含水量无关。     

桩西油田外排污水处理设计与运行

油田污水具有高温、高矿化度、含有害物质等特性 ,传统的物理化学方法很难使油田污水达标排放 ,根据桩西油田的地理自然条件 ,利用物理化学工艺结合氧化塘工艺成功地使含油污水达标排放     

环保型果糖/尿素树脂的合成及应用

为了降低传统脲醛树脂中甲醛的危害,采用了果糖代替甲醛与尿素合成了环保型果糖/尿素树脂,并用合成出的树脂与芦苇纤维复合制备了芦苇纤维板,考察了树脂合成过程中果糖/尿素物质的量之比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类等工艺参数对树脂及芦苇纤维板性能的影响,得到了果糖/尿素树脂的最佳合成工艺,即果糖/尿素/催化剂盐酸的物质的量之比为2.5/1/0.13、反应温度为91℃、反应时间为3 h。在此最佳合成工艺下合成的树脂固含量为65.57%、黏度为73 m Pa·s,由此树脂制备的芦苇纤维板的静曲强度为26.19 MPa,弹性模量为6.13 GPa,完全满足国家标准GB/T 11718–2009的要求。     

Stabilization of heavy metals in biochar pyrolyzed from phytoremediated giant reed (Arundo donax) biomass

The pyrolysis of phytoremediated giant reed (Arundo donax) biomass could cause secondary pollution of heavy metals. The stabilization of heavy metals in the pyrolysis process with external materials such as Al₂O₃, CaCO₃, FeCl₃ and NaOH, was studied. The results showed that 37% As and 97% Cd in biochar were stabilized when giant reed powder was pyrolyzed at 250 °C with 5% Al₂O₃ for 2 h. Furthermore, 59% Pb in biochar was stabilized at 400 °C with 5% CaCO₃ for 1 h. Under biochar produced in optimized pyrolysis conditions, Cd mainly existed in a residual fraction, while Pb and As mainly existed in oxidizable fraction in BCR analysis. In XRD analysis, As was only found in Ca₂As₂O₇; Cd in biochar mainly existed in Cd (AlCl₄)₂, CdPbO₃ or CdSO₃; and Pb mainly existed as Pb₃O₂SO₄.     

现代新型芦苇屋面施工关键技术

天然芦苇质地坚硬,细且笔直,具有自重轻,韧性、防水性、隔热性良好,易取材及人文气息浓厚等特点。芦苇屋面是指以精选滩涂地生长的天然芦苇为材料建造的屋面。结合工程实践,总结了芦苇屋面的工艺流程及质量控制要点,可为类似的芦苇屋面施工提供借鉴。     

喷气织机用异形筘及其发展方向

介绍了喷气织机用异形筘的发展现状,从主要原材料、制造装备、创新能力3方面分析了我国在异形筘制造技术上与国外先进水平的差距;指出,我国异形筘应在筘齿齿形,玻璃纤维织物专用筘,提高耐磨损及抗蚀性能,研发智能化全自动编筘机、筘梁注胶机及检测用工装与量具,如筘齿垂直度、倾侧度测量器等方面多下功夫。     

喷气织机坯布擦伤疵点的预防与控制

白坯坯布在织造过程中,坯布自身为原白色,布面纱线因外力受损不易显现,经过后整理加工后,受损纱线在布面上特别明显,严重影响交货产品质量。文章通过生产经验,介绍了坯布擦伤疵点的预防和检查控制方法,可减少擦伤疵点降等。     

基于视觉图像的石英摆片参数精密测量方法

为了解决检测石英摆片易划伤和提高检测的速度、精度,提出了利用视觉图像进行石英摆片平面几何参数测量的非接触测量方法.该方法通过视觉系统对石英摆片图像进行摄取, 由Sobel算子对图像进行单像素精度的边缘初始位置定位,进而利用改进的Zernike矩亚像素定位算法实现对目标边缘的精确定位,最后通过最小二乘法拟合边缘点得出石英摆片的平面几何参数.实验结果表明:该方法稳定性好,测量精度高,定位精度优于0.1 pixel,可实现石英摆片平面几何参数的精密测量.     

喷气织机辅助喷嘴结构参数对流场特性的影响

为降低辅助喷嘴能耗,增强辅喷气流的集束性,提高生产效率和织物质量,分析了辅助喷嘴结构参数和供气压力对射流特性的影响。运用流体动力学软件Fluent对不同供气压力下单圆孔、正三角形孔和星形孔3种典型辅助喷嘴结构的三维流场模型进行数值模拟,得到在0.2~0.4 MPa供气压力下3种辅助喷嘴对称面的速度云图、中心轴线速度、耗气量及引纬速度平稳性,提出了评定辅助喷嘴综合性能的方法。并将单圆孔辅助喷嘴数值计算得到的中心线速度和径向速度与实验值进行了比较,验证了数值仿真结果的正确性。结果表明,当供气压力相同时,星形孔辅助喷嘴气流集束性、引纬平稳性最好,耗气量小,综合性能最优。