甘肃省陇东地区极端降水的时空特征

为阐明甘肃省陇东地区极端降水的变化规律,利用该地区13个气象台站1961~2015年的逐日降水资料,应用超门限峰值法、反距离加权法、线性倾向估计法、滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall突变分析法、复值Morlet小波分析法研究极端降水的时空变化特征。结果表明,陇东地区各站第95百分位极端降水阈值在27.8mm附近变化,即可以大雨事件作为极端降水事件进行监测;极端降水指数主要表现为从南向北递减的趋势,极端降水事件对环县和崆峒的影响较小;极端降水事件虽然在总量、强度上表现为减小趋势,但其发生频次及对总降水的贡献率逐渐增强;极端降水总量和极端降水强度周期变化均在21年左右能量最强,而极端降水频次和极端降水贡献率周期变化分别在28、5年左右能量最强。     

基于区间犹豫模糊语言集的水资源多目标决策

以鄂北水资源配置工程为对象,研究大型调水工程背景下的多水源多目标优化配置。将鄂北地区水库分为充蓄水库、补偿水库与在线水库等3类,根据各类水库特点对鄂北水资源配置工程进行系统概化,建立以年缺水量最小和调水成本最低为目标函数的多水源多目标优化配置模型。采用权重系数法进行求解得到非劣解集。最后采用基于区间犹豫模糊语言与TOPSIS的多目标决策方法对各方案的缺水量与调水量作出评价并遴选出最优方案。研究结果表明:对鄂北水资源配置工程而言,缺水量与调水量的权重比为7∶3的方案综合评价最优,重视缺水的同时兼顾调水成本;基于区间犹豫模糊语言集与TOPSIS的水资源多目标决策方法经本文实例验证具有较高的稳定性与可行性。     

pH-sensitive carbon dots for the visualization of regulation of intracellular pH inside living pathogenic fungal cells

In this paper, the pH-sensitive carbon dots were synthesized by simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment of threonine. The fluorescence of the as-synthesized carbon dots was featured by pH dependence, with the intensity decreasing as pH increases. The carbon dots can be readily internalized into plant pathogenic fungal cells for imaging with dose dependence. Moreover, intracellular pH regulation, a kind of physiological functions of living fungal cells, was visually expressed as the variation of fluorescence intensity of the internalized carbon dots. A transient reduction of the intracellular pH tightly regulated by living fungal cells under basic external condition can be presented as a gradual increase in fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots. On the contrary, the fluorescence of the carbon dots distributed in apple tissue infected by the fungal cells was soon quenched by the basic buffer because there was no intracellular pH regulation in the dead cells.     

A novel post-treatment to calcium cobaltite cathode for solid oxide fuel cells

The calcium cobaltite (CCO) cathodes are post-treated by dipping in the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The electrochemical properties are investigated by the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and current-voltage test in the symmetrical cell and single cell, respectively. The phase structure and morphology of the cathodes are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experiment results show that the mesopores are created on the surface of the cathode particles and the pore channels of the cathode are cleaned up after leaching with 10 wt % H₂O₂, resulting in a remarkable decreasing of the area specific resistance (e.g. only 42.5% of that for the untreated cathode at 800 °C). The single cell with treated cathode is about 2 times the peak power density of the cell with untreated cathode, signifying the post-treating method may be promising.     

Cloud-Based Multidimensional Parallel Dynamic Programming Algorithm for a Cascade Hydropower System

The joint optimal operation of cascade reservoir system can greatly improve the utilization of water resources. However, the complex high-dimensional and non-linear features and calculated costs often hinder the refined operation and management of reservoirs. Recently, the local parallel computing has become an effective way to alleviate the "curse of dimensionality". Current local parallel computing has hardware limitations, which is difficult to adapt to large-scale computing. This study proposes a novel parallel dynamic programming algorithm based on Spark (PDPoS) via cloud computing. The simulation experiments are carried out for a comparative analysis of the solution efficiency, influence factors and stability of cloud computing. The results are as follows: (1) The efficiency of the cloud-based PDPoS is related to some factors; the number of CPU cores is the main influencing factor, followed by the operator, and the architecture has the least influence. (2) The runtime variance of cloud computing is 2.03, indicating cloud computing has high stability. (3) Under the same configuration (i.e., CPU and memory), the runtime of cloud computing is 41.5%?~?110.3% longer than that of physical machines. However, cloud computing has rich resources, good scalability, and good portability of online operations, which is an attractive alternative for optimal operation of large-scale reservoir system.

     

岩土破损力学:理想脆弹塑性模型

岩土破损力学把结构性岩土材料抽象成由胶结强的胶结块和无胶结的软弱带组成的二元结构体 ,变形过程中胶结块逐步破损并向软弱带转化。从不均质材料的均匀化理论出发推导了破损参数的演化规律 ,并通过一种理想脆弹塑性模型合理地描述了岩土材料在低围压下软化和高围压下硬化的典型力学行为     

不同掺砾量下砾石土抗拉强度试验研究

砾石土的抗拉强度是土心墙堆石坝抵抗拉裂破坏的重要指标之一。基于自主研制的单向拉伸试验模具,对不同掺砾量下的砾石土进行了系列的单向拉伸试验。在此基础上得到了以下结论:在本文的试验参数范围内,砾石土的抗拉强度随着含水率的增大而减小,随着干密度的增大而增大;分别给出了各掺砾量下土样抗拉强度与其最优含水率及最大干密度的关系表达式;对于处于各自最优含水率和最大干密度下的砾石土,掺砾量从0%增加到50%时,试样的抗拉强度从122.6 kPa减小到了49.8 kPa,且两者呈线性递减关系;试样的峰值拉应变和极限拉应变均随着掺砾量的增加而线性递减;对不同掺砾量土样的断裂能分析发现,随着掺砾量的增加,土样的抗拉能力不断减弱;在略高于最优含水率及处于最大干密度时砾石土试样的综合抗拉能力最强。相关试验成果可为实际土石坝心墙抗裂设计提供参照。     

某化工厂服役近30年混凝土管架耐久性调查与评估

介绍了某化工厂已服役近30年的钢筋混凝土管架的耐久性调查和评估结果,可为类似结构物的设计、施工和维护以及管理提供参考。