Ecological Planting Imperative: Functional Systems,Not Stylized Ecologies

The ability of landscape architectural projects to mitigate the worst effects of climate change will depend upon designed ecological systems. These systems will be built with plants. Despite the recognition of ecology as an essential driver of landscapes, the professionals of landscape architecture too often lack the knowledge and practical skills to create robust vegetative systems. New approaches and tools are required. This article outlines principles and methods for designing biodiverse plant systems for urban sites. Planting methods that increase species richness, functional diversity, and spatial complexity are emphasized as a way of developing more resilient plantings. Selecting species with similar evolutionary adaptions to stress, disturbance, and competition—as well as creating multi-layered compositions of diverse plant morphologies—allows designers to create compatible, long-lived plant mixes. To balance the increased visual complexity of diverse plant mixes, the article explores design techniques to make plantings more appealing to the public. The strategies explored here are based on the projects, experience, and research of Phyto Studio, a Washington, D.C. based studio. The methods build on work described in the author’s book, Planting in a Post-Wild World, an exploration of how to create designed plant communities.     

Facial expression recognition of intercepted video sequences based on feature point movement trend and feature block texture variation

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is an important subject of human–computer interaction and has long been a research area of great interest. Accurate Facial Expression Sequence Interception (FESI) and discriminative expression feature extraction are two enormous challenges for the video-based FER. This paper proposes a framework of FER for the intercepted video sequences by using feature point movement trend and feature block texture variation. Firstly, the feature points are marked by Active Appearance Model (AAM) and the most representative 24 of them are selected. Secondly, facial expression sequence is intercepted from the face video by determining two key frames whose emotional intensities are minimum and maximum, respectively. Thirdly, the trend curve which represents the Euclidean distance variations between any two selected feature points is fitted, and the slopes of specific points on the trend curve are calculated. Finally, combining Slope Set which is composed by the calculated slopes with the proposed Feature Block Texture Difference (FBTD) which refers to the texture variation of facial patch, the final expressional feature are formed and inputted to One-dimensional Convolution Neural Network (1DCNN) for FER. Five experiments are conducted in this research, and three average FER rates 95.2%, 96.5%, and 97% for Beihang University (BHU) facial expression database, MMI facial expression database, and the combination of two databases, respectively, have shown the significant advantages of the proposed method over the existing ones.     

清涧河流域不同水土保持措施配置下蓄水拦沙效益分析

从分析清涧河流域不同年代水土保持措施配置人手，以蓄水拦沙效益为研究目标，探讨了水土保持措施优化配置问题。分析认为：水土保持措施配置与蓄水拦沙效益是密切相关的，淤地坝在水土保持措施配置中应占有合理比重，坡面治理措施配置中需进一步加大封禁治理比例。     

施肥模型研究综述

对施肥模型和参数研究的历史、现状和趋势进行了综述,并指出今后定量施肥研究的关键问题。     

丰宁县生态环境存在的问题及对策

丰宁县地处京津上游,是北京、天津重要水源地和生态屏障,但由于连续7年干旱,治理速度慢,保存率低,致使生态环境恶劣,严重影响了京津地区的生态环境和饮用水安全,本文在分析目前丰宁县水土保持存在问题的基础上,提出今后治理对策和思路。     

An approach to the synthesis of qualitative ecological information from aquatic coleoptera communities

A list of 196 Coleoptera taxa, larvae and adults, covering 113 species, was obtained from several surveys of a flood plain of the Rhô river. From published reports and personal experience, each taxon is linked with the modalities of nine environmental and three biological variables. The resulting 12 ecological profiles for 196 taxa are analysed by correspondence analysis. The simultaneous ordination of the taxa and variables allows presentation of the more synthetic correspondence between the Coleoptera and their ecological and biological characteristics. The niche dimensions of the 12 variables tested here are organized along a current-substrate gradient, from stones in rapid flow to mud in still water, which is associated with the other ecological conditions. This ordination reflects environmental conditions in a transverse direction, particularly from the central channel to the furthest annexes of the river. The Coleoptera are shown to be describers of the connectivity with the main channel. The 196 studied taxa are positioned along the gradient. They are subdivided into seven faunal groups based on their habitat range or niche width. The larger species are confined to the stagnant side of the gradient. Other variables, such as feeding and vertical distribution, clearly separate carnivores from herbivores and also larvae from adults. The next step of this study will be to extend these investigations to other functional variables and to all the species of Coleoptera in France. The information given by the Coleoptera will then be compared with actual field measurements.     

Binary rewriting and call interception for efficient runtime protection against buffer overflows

Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are one of the most commonly and widely exploited security vulnerabilities in programs. Most existing solutions for avoiding buffer overflows are either inadequate, inefficient or incompatible with existing code. In this paper, we present a novel approach for transparent and efficient runtime protection against buffer overflows. The approach is implemented by two tools: Type Information Extractor and Depositor (TIED) and LibsafePlus. TIED is first used on a binary executable or shared library file to extract type information from the debugging information inserted in the file by the compiler and reinsert it in the file as a data structure available at runtime. LibsafePlus is a shared library that is preloaded when the program is run. LibsafePlus intercepts unsafe C library calls such as strcpy and uses the type information made available by TIED at runtime to determine whether it would be ‘safe’ to carry out the operation. With our simple design we are able to protect most applications with a performance overhead of less than 10%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三峡地区脆弱生态环境问题初探

脆弱生态环境是一种对环境因素改变的反应敏感而维持自身稳定的可塑性小的生态环境系统，三峡地区脆弱生态环境的基本特征为：侵蚀作用强烈；抗干扰能力弱；土地退化，土地生产力衰减；森林生态系统衰退，环境灾害加剧，灾种增多，频次增高，形成三峡地区脆弱生态环境的因素包括地质地貌因素，气候因素以及人为因素和社会经济因素，三峡地区生态环境的整治措施主要包括：控制人口增长；调整产业结构；开展综合治理；唤起环境意识，依     

小水电站生态流量对电能损失率的影响分析

小水电站多以追求最大发电效益为目的,电站下游河道生态流量往往处于"无"或"少"的不良状况,对生态环境影响日益凸显.为研究电站下泄生态流量对电站电能损失的影响及影响因子的作用,本文选取江西省遂川县为研究区域,采用主成分分析法分析小水电站生态流量对电站电能损失率的影响.结果表明:(1)河道生态流量对小水电站目前运行实际发电量的损失率的影响阈值一般控制在[10％,20％].(2)电站效能属性第一主成分包括年利用小时数(M4)、设计流量与多年平均流量比(M5)和水量利用率(M6);电站出力属性第二主成分包括设计水头(M2)和设计流量(M3);装机规模(M1)为第三主成分装机属性单一主要指标;其中,M2和M4对电能损失率呈负作用,表明参数越大,相应电能损率失越大;M1、M3、M5和M6对电能损失率起积极正向作用,参数越大,相应电能损失越小.建议在小水电整改评估工作过程中,以考证M4、M5和M6的真实性和可靠性为先,后以电站铭牌特征值M2、M3和M1收集为辅,便于整改评估工作的顺利开展.本研究可为小水电站的评价认定和电能损失补偿提供一定的技术支撑和参考.     

滇池环湖截污干渠错峰技术模拟与分析

为了实现滇池流域截污效果的最大化,基于前期建立的东岸排水管网SWMM模型,结合该区域1995-2016年间降雨资料,研究环湖截污干渠的错峰调蓄技术。根据雨水干渠液位高度执行不同控制模式:当水位低于6.76 m时执行典型污染物浓度阈值控制模式;当水位高于6.76 m时执行典型污染物阈值控制的同时执行液位-污染物通量控制模式。采用SS和TN作为干渠截流的典型污染物控制指标,其控制浓度阈值分别取12和5 mg/L。模拟重现期为0.5~1 a降雨时SS、TN浓度-负荷通量调蓄方案下干渠负荷收集情况,结果表明两种调蓄方案均能有效提高雨水干渠的负荷收集率,提高污水干渠出口浓度,降低雨水径流对污水厂的高水量和低浓度冲击负荷。随着重现期增大,干渠对污染物的高效和最大化收集效果越明显。但是TN调控下污染负荷收集效果优于SS,因此选择TN作为干渠截流的最优典型污染物控制指标。