Effects of the annealing atmosphere on the microstructure and properties of BiFe0.99Zn0.01O3 films

BiFe_0.99Zn_0.01O₃ (BFZO) films were annealed in different atmospheres (Air, N₂ and O₂) on ITO/glass substrates. The influences of the different annealing atmospheres on the oxygen vacancy concentration, microstructure, ferroelectric behavior, leakage current, leakage mechanism, aging and dielectric performance of the BFZO films were studied. The crystallization and grain development for the sample annealed in an O₂ atmosphere improved, and the concentrations of the Fe²⁺ and oxygen vacancies were the lowest among the samples studied herein. The BFZO film had the lowest leakage current density and the best ferroelectric performance in an O₂ annealing atmosphere among the samples studied herein, and the leakage was due to the F-N tunneling effect mechanism. From the perspective of the volume effect, the aging model was established, and the aging mechanism of the BFZO films was discussed in depth. Compared with Air and N₂, the annealed film in O₂ exhibited no obvious aging.     

A two-phase flow meter for determining water and solids volumetric flow rates in stratified,inclined solids-in-water flows

This paper describes the design and implementation of a two-phase flow meter which can be used in solids-in-water two phase pipe flows to measure the in-situ volume fraction distributions of both phases, the velocity profiles of both phases and the volumetric flow rates for both phases. The system contains an Impedance Cross Correlation (ICC) device which is used in conjunction with an Electromagnetic Velocity Profiler (EVP). Experimental results were obtained for the water and solids velocity and volume fraction profiles in upward inclined flow at 30° to the vertical, in which highly non-uniform velocity and volume fraction profiles occur.     

Acoustic power measurement of linear compressors

The linear compressor works as an important driver for high frequency regenerative cryocoolers. The acoustic power output of the compressor is a critical parameter in the design and the optimization of a linear compressor. To measure this parameter, several approaches based on different theories have been developed. In this paper, the RC load approach and the back chamber approach have been applied to a linear compressor to measure the acoustic power output. The results measured by the approaches indicate a good consistency with the theoretical calculation and reveal the connections between different approaches.The difference between the acoustic power at the piston surface and the exit of a linear compressor has been analyzed based on the experimental results from the RC load approach and the back chamber approach. The volume flow rate difference which accounts for the acoustic power difference is studied theoretically. Furthermore, based on the RC load approach, the optimum impedance together with the impedance cloudy map for the linear compressor to reach its highest efficiency has been obtained by analyzing the experimental and the theoretical results.     

A numerical investigation of the connection between state of dispersion and percolation and its effect on the elastic properties of 2D random microstructures

The present work is dedicated to a numerical investigation of the connection between state of dispersion and percolation and its effect on the elastic properties of 2D random microstructures. The main objective consists in checking out the link between percolation and mechanical response in the context of a heterogeneous medium the reinforcements of which are not homogeneously dispersed. Besides, the influence of the stiffness of inclusions is also investigated since this could impact on the percolation effects. For these purposes, large samples of volume elements are generated according to the Monte Carlo method. We consider the low cost framework of 2D random grids which enables large and in-depth investigations. Besides, the spatial distribution of heterogeneities is simulated with the help of the 2-scale Boolean scheme of disks which is a powerful tool for modelling and studying several states of dispersion. The numerical results highlight beneficial mechanical reinforcements for a heterogeneous dispersion when the percolation phenomenon is enhanced. This improvement is highly sensitive to the stiffness of heterogeneities.     

大气环境下核电站安全壳温度场的时程分析

在进行核电站安全壳结构的整体性能试验时,大气环境作用会干扰结构试验变位和应变的测试结果。为了了解环境影响的规律和幅度,从理论和试验验证上探讨了安全壳在大气环境下的温度场问题,建立了时程分析和估值的计算模式,研究了有关参数。编程计算结果与实测结果非常吻合。本研究对大型结构设计和探讨混凝土和砖混结构建筑顶层开裂的热作用规律也具有实际意义。     

变水流量空调系统温度调节分析

根据能量守恒,建立了一个由空调房间、表冷器和冷水系统组成的暖通空调系统特性模型;在考虑了室外气候的变化和室内人员的变动情况下,对空调系统变水流量的比例积分(PI)控制以调节房间温度进行研究,分析控制参数对房间温度控制的影响。结果表明合理的控制参数选择取决于空调系统特性。     

回忆.复兴.开拓--谈上海久百城市广场的落成

文章介绍作者对久百城市广场的建筑体会以及对久百城市广场在旧区复兴中关于记忆与开拓的思考。     

一种耐高温内齿泵容积效率改善试验研究

针对一种耐高温内啮合齿轮泵样机容积效率低的特点,经过多渠道分析其影响因素后,对样机进行设计改进,试验结果证明改进措施有效,该泵的容积效率比改进设计前明显提高。     

Gas-cooled reactor thermal hydraulic analyses with MELCOR

Pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) has been selected as the reference design for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). Stemming from a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) HTGR research initiative, a need was identified for validation of systems-level computer code modeling capabilities in anticipation of the eventual need to perform licensing analyses. Because the NRC has used MELCOR for light water reactors (LWR) in the past and because MELCOR was recently updated to include gas-cooled reactor (GCR) physics models, MELCOR is among the system codes of interest to the NRC. This paper describes MELCOR modeling of the General Atomics' Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). The MHGTR is a suitable design for demonstration of MELCOR GCR modeling competency for two reasons: 1) the MHTGR is a predecessor to the more advanced General Atomics’ Gas-Turbine Modular High Temperature Reactor (GTMHR), and 2) experimental data useful for benchmark calculations may soon become available. Using the most complete literature references available for the MHTGR design, researchers at Texas A&M University (TAMU) constructed a MELCOR input deck for the MHTGR to partially validate MELCOR GCR modeling capabilities. Normal and off-normal system operating conditions were modeled with appropriate boundary and initial conditions. MELCOR predictions of system response were obtained for steady-state, pressurized conduction cool-down (PCC), and depressurized conduction cool-down (DCC) scenarios. Code results were checked against nominal MHTGR design parameters, physical intuition, and anticipated GCR thermal hydraulic response. No inherent deficiencies in MELCOR modeling capability were observed, suggesting that the newly-implemented GCR models are adequate for systems-level analysis. If and when experimental benchmark data becomes available, further validation activities may proceed given the modeling efforts discussed herein.     

砌体等效体积单元的试验研究与应用

对砌体中的等效体积单元(Representative Volume Element,简称RVE)的适用性进行了分析,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,通过砌体抗压及压剪试验,验证了RVE单元完整破坏准则用于砌体结构中的效果,解决了RVE单元适用性问题。