Vertex-Edge Degree Based Indices of Honey Comb Derived Network

Chemical graph theory is a branch of mathematics which combines graph theory and chemistry. Chemical reaction network theory is a territory of applied mathematics that endeavors to display the conduct of genuine compound frameworks. It pulled the research community due to its applications in theoretical and organic chemistry since 1960. Additionally, it also increases the interest the mathematicians due to the interesting mathematical structures and problems are involved. The structure of an interconnection network can be represented by a graph. In the network, vertices represent the processor nodes and edges represent the links between the processor nodes. Graph invariants play a vital feature in graph theory and distinguish the structural properties of graphs and networks. In this paper, we determined the newly introduced topological indices namely, first -degree Zagreb index, first -degree Zagreb index, second -degree Zagreb index, -degree Randic index, -degree atom-bond connectivity index, -degree geometric-arithmetic index, -degree harmonic index and -degree sum-connectivity index for honey comb derived network. In the analysis of the quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs) and the quantitative structureactivity relationships (QSARs), graph invariants are important tools to approximate and predicate the properties of the biological and chemical compounds. Also, we give the numerical and graphical representation of our outcomes.     

Genome-Wide Analyses of the Temperature-Responsive Genetic Loci of the Pectinolytic Plant Pathogenic Pectobacterium atrosepticum

Temperature is one of the critical factors affecting gene expression in bacteria. Despite the general interest in the link between bacterial phenotypes and environmental temperature, little is known about temperature-dependent gene expression in plant pathogenic Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a causative agent of potato blackleg and tuber soft rot worldwide. In this study, twenty-nine P. atrosepticum SCRI1043 thermoregulated genes were identified using Tn5-based transposon mutagenesis coupled with an inducible promotorless gusA gene as a reporter. From the pool of 29 genes, 14 were up-regulated at 18 °C, whereas 15 other genes were up-regulated at 28 °C. Among the thermoregulated loci, genes involved in primary bacterial metabolism, membrane-related proteins, fitness-corresponding factors, and several hypothetical proteins were found. The Tn5 mutants were tested for their pathogenicity in planta and for features that are likely to remain important for the pathogen to succeed in the (plant) environment. Five Tn5 mutants expressed visible phenotypes differentiating these mutants from the phenotype of the SCRI1043 wild-type strain. The gene disruptions in the Tn5 transposon mutants caused alterations in bacterial generation time, ability to form a biofilm, production of lipopolysaccharides, and virulence on potato tuber slices. The consequences of environmental temperature on the ability of P. atrosepticum to cause disease symptoms in potato are discussed.     

Quality and safety of maize (Zea mays L.) from Rondônia state storage units,Northern Brazil

The quality and safety of maize (Zea mays L.) from different grain storage units (GSUs), located in the main producing region of Rondônia State, Northern Brazil, were evaluated. Maize grains (n = 76) stored in four GSUs were collected from July to November 2014 and evaluated for grain damages, humidity, fungi and fumonisins (FBs) content. The climate conditions data were also obtained from plant growing to storage periods. Regarding the moisture content and water activity (a_w), these varied from 10.0% to 16.1% and 0.5 to 0.8, respectively. As expected, fungi spores were present in 94.8% of the samples, prevailing Fusarium genera, with a fungi colony maximum of 2.2 × 10⁴ CFU g^?1. Regarding FBs, 60.5% of the samples were contaminated, below Brazilian and United States maximum limits, but 9.2% had levels higher than the European legislation.     

基于循证的寒地综合医院的人性化设计研究

鉴于众多国家正在普遍使用循证方式去量化体验指数和指导设计,我国也正开始逐步应用循证设计理论,尝试将研究参与到设计的前期循证和实验及使用后评价的工作中去,文中将处于北方寒冷地域的综合医院为研究对象,对其进行循证评价分析指导设计,通过参照用后评价指标,印证循证指导的人性化设计策略的有效性。     

Large lakes in climate models: A Great Lakes case study on the usability of CMIP5

Large lakes have an impact on regional weather. In addition, they can be both sensitive to and influence regional climate changes. In the climate models that are used to investigate future climate changes, lakes are greatly simplified and sometimes absent. At the regional scale, this can have strong implications for the quality of the model information about the future. Through our work with climate information users in the Laurentian Great Lakes region, we have found that basic credibility of the information requires the underlying climate models simulate lake-atmosphere-land interactions. We are not aware of efforts within the scientific community to make known how individual large lakes are represented in models and how those representations translate to the quality of the data for particular regions. We share our framework for identifying how the Laurentian Great Lakes are represented in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) version 5 climate models. We found that most CMIP5 models do not simulate the Great Lakes in a way that captures their impact on the regional climate, which is a credibility issue for their projections. We provide a perspective on the usability of CMIP5 for practitioners in the Great Lakes region and offer recommendations for alternative options.     

Topological Characterization of Book Graph and Stacked Book Graph

Degree based topological indices are being widely used in computer-aided modeling, structural activity relations, and drug designing to predict the underlying topological properties of networks and graphs. In this work, we compute the certain important degree based topological indices like Randic index, sum connectivity index, ABC index, ABC₄ index, GA index and GA₅ index of Book graph B_n and Stacked book graph B_m,n. The results are analyzed by using edge partition, and the general formulas are derived for the above-mentioned families of graphs.     

透视中国综合防灾减灾的主要进展及其挑战和战略对策

系统总结中国自然灾害风险主要特点和综合防灾减灾工作的现状特征,全面梳理综合防灾减灾工作的发展趋势,分析综合防灾减灾面临的三大挑战,提出有针对性和可实施性的五大战略对策。一方面,未来100年中国的气候变暖趋势将进一步加剧,极端天气事件发生的频率将增大,荒漠化、海平面上升、冰川退缩趋势将进一步加重,全球气候变化所引发的各类巨灾和由此触发的各类自然灾害的突发性、并发性、群发性、异常性日益凸显。另一方面,中国能源结构以煤为主,同时是世界上进口石油资源的大国,随着中国经济的发展,未来能源消费和二氧化碳排放量还将持续增长,经济社会发展对能源安全、粮食安全、生态安全提出了更高要求。为适应气候变化背景下的各类灾害带来的不利影响,中国应全面提高监测预警水平,建立综合防灾减灾体系,全面提高应对突发灾害和巨灾的应急能力;推动建立区域综合防灾减灾范式,系统实施绿色经济战略,大力推进节能减排,转变经济发展方式。     

Ten complementary measures to assist with environmental watering programs in the Murray–Darling river system,Australia

Restoration programmes for degraded aquatic ecosystems frequently focus on flow restoration or reinstatement, including recovery targets for volumes of water to be used for environmental benefit. Australia's Murray–Darling Basin is an example of a major system undergoing substantial water reform to balance the needs of competing users, including the environment, within the constraints of an arid climate. This reform revolves around accounting for finite volumes of water that have been shared amongst water users. We argue that while recovering water will provide good outcomes, as a sole intervention, it is not enough to deliver the desired environmental benefits of the reform given the significantly altered state of the catchment. Here, we present 10 measures that could be used to complement planned water recovery actions. These “complementary measures” integrate recovery actions, which when strategically combined with water delivery would significantly enhance water reform efforts to generate environmental outcomes in a highly modified system.     

Adaptation options for wheat in Europe will be limited by increased adverse weather events under climate change

Ways of increasing the production of wheat, the most widely grown cereal crop, will need to be found to meet the increasing demand caused by human population growth in the coming decades. This increase must occur despite the decrease in yield gains now being reported in some regions, increased price volatility and the expected increase in the frequency of adverse weather events that can reduce yields. However, if and how the frequency of adverse weather events will change over Europe, the most important wheat-growing area, has not yet been analysed. Here, we show that the accumulated probability of 11 adverse weather events with the potential to significantly reduce yield will increase markedly across all of Europe. We found that by the end of the century, the exposure of the key European wheat-growing areas, where most wheat production is currently concentrated, may increase more than twofold. However, if we consider the entire arable land area of Europe, a greater than threefold increase in risk was predicted. Therefore, shifting wheat production to new producing regions to reduce the risk might not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key wheat-growing areas increases even more. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in wheat exposure to high temperatures, severe droughts and field inaccessibility compared with other types of adverse events. Our results also showed the limitations of some of the presently debated adaptation options and demonstrated the need for development of region-specific strategies. Other regions of the world could be affected by adverse weather events in the future in a way different from that considered here for Europe. This observation emphasizes the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major wheat regions.     

Quality and nutritional characteristics of traditional curd cheese enriched with thermo-coagulated acid whey protein and indigenous Lactococcus lactis strain

Consumer interest in a healthy lifestyle and health-promoting natural products is a major driving force for the increasing global demand for bio-functional and sustainable dairy foods. Supplementation of curd cheese with thermo-coagulated acid whey protein (TAWP) led to 8–10% higher contents of moisture, 23–31% of lactose, 12–13% of unsaturated, 5–6% of monounsaturated, 63% of polyunsaturated, and 3–4% of long-chain fatty acids. Lipid quality indices – TI, AI, h/H, and Omega 6/3 among others, were also significantly better than those of control cheese. The addition of indigenous Lactococcus lactis strain enhanced the flavour of cheese samples, decreased the counts of yeast and mould up to 1 log cfu g⁻¹ after 10 days of storage. The replacement of curd with TAWP resulted in novel cheese with overall sensory perception above 77 points and added nutritional and functional value, however, body and texture parameters of modified cheese samples require an improvement.