成型温度对PBX装药内部质量及性能的影响

针对压制成型的PBX炸药装药，选择CT无损检测、巴西实验和扫描电镜检测等技术，对比研究了室温和加热两种温度下压制成型的炸药装药内部质量、静态力学性能和细观破坏形式。结果表明，加热压制有利于改善炸药装药的内部质量，可避免产生初始损伤，且提高了装药的力学性能。细观尺度上，室温压制成型的装药主要发生界面脱黏破坏，加热压制成型装药的主要破坏形式是穿晶断裂。     

A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with in situ X-ray micro-tomography scanning

The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for in situ investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of \mathrm{8}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm}\times \mathrm{16}\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{mm} (diameter \times height). In situ triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.     

Catalytic hydrolysis of alkaline sodium borohydride solution for hydrogen evolution in a micro-scale fluidized bed reactor

An investigation was conducted into the generation of hydrogen from catalytic hydrolysis of alkaline sodium borohydride solution in a micro-scale fluidized bed. In this work, the Cobalt loaded on walnut shell activated carbon was applied as the catalyst. The impact of NaBH₄ concentration, the diameter of catalyst particle, the rate of reaction fluid flow, and the temperature of initial reaction fluid on the process of hydrogen generation was explored, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined. It was found out that the maximum length of stable hydrogen generation (58.46% of the total reaction time) is obtainable under the following conditions. The concentration of NaBH₄ is 2 wt%, the flow rate is 3.00 × 10⁻³ m·s⁻¹, and the flow temperature is 25°C. In addition, a comparison was performed between the batch reactor and micro-fluidized bed reactor during the process of hydrogen generation. Moreover, when the concentration of NaBH₄ reached 1 and 2 wt%, the efficiency and stability of the micro-fluidized bed reactor were identified as superior to those of the batch reactor.     

无表面活性剂快速沉淀法制备盐酸吡格列酮微粉

本研究在不加入表面活性剂条件下采用快速沉淀法制备盐酸吡格列微粉,分别利用扫描电镜（ SEM ）、X射线衍射（ XRD）、红外光谱分析（ FT-IR）等分析方法对原药及产品的性质进行了表征。SEM分析表明,使用快速沉淀法制备的盐酸吡格列酮超微粉尺寸降低,粒度分布均匀,FT-IR、XRD分析表明,微粉化前后药物的化学结构并未发生改变,粒度明显减小,结晶度明显降低。     

微构件的热注射近净成型控制

首先建立了微构件的热注射近净成型的数学模型,讨论了参数变量的控制。通过数据分析找到了参数的最佳控制范围,达到微构件的热注射近净成型过程中效率高、损失小的实验目标。     

微尺度乙醇扩散火焰特性的实验研究与数值解析

以大空间中圆形陶瓷微管形成的液体乙醇扩散火焰为研究对象.用实验和数值解析的方法研究了微尺度液体乙醇扩散火焰的火焰结构和温度分布.实验证明,在喷管尺寸相同条件下液体乙醇流量增大,火焰温度随之升高,火焰体积增大.通过数值解析观察了火焰和微管内温度场分布以及微管内热质传递现象.数值解析结果与实验一致.     

微型有机化学实验教学的改革与实践

通过对微型有机化学实验的优势进行分析,探讨了微型有机化学实验在教学实践中存在的问题和对策,初步摸索出微型有机化学实验教学改革的课程设置原则和方案。通过合理地设置常量和微量化实验课程,在教学实践过程中把基本操作实验和以及综合设计研究型实验很好的衔接起来。不仅能使学生掌握基本的实验操作技能,还提高了学生对有机化学实验的兴趣和学习积极性,培养了进一步综合设计研究的能力,树立了环保意识和社会责任感。     

微/纳反应器的研究现状及发展前景

微化工系统已经成为解决许多高新技术领域的化工过程问题的关键,而微反应器作为微化工系统的核心已经成为研究的热点之一。本文着重分析了微反应器的概念、分类及其性能优势,总结出近年来国内外微反应器的研究发展情况和存在的问题,并对发展前景进行了展望。     

燃烧器材料的热物理性质对微尺度催化燃烧的影响

催化燃烧可增强微型燃烧器的工作稳定性。对石英玻璃、刚玉陶瓷、紫铜3种不同材料制作的微尺度催化燃烧器,在0.12～0.36L/min、当量比浓度下进行实验比较。利用贵金属Pt为催化剂,石棉为催化剂载体,氢气/空气预混气体为燃料。实验结果显示,催化燃烧器具有很高燃烧稳定性。使用数值模拟观察燃烧器内部燃烧过程。模拟结果显示石英玻璃和刚玉陶瓷燃烧器存在明显的热点,其在0.12L/min时分别达到约1475K和1427K,而紫铜燃烧器内部的温度较低,一般不超过1200K,且分布均匀。对燃烧器散热分析发现,导热率较低的材料反而散热较高,如石英玻璃燃烧器散热在0.12L/min时高于紫铜燃烧器2.61W。由于不同燃烧器中的反应模式不同,石英玻璃和刚玉陶瓷中主要为气相反应,紫铜燃烧器中主要为两相反应,因此产生上述现象。     

氢气/空气预混合微尺度催化燃烧

通过耦合专用软件FLUENT和CHEMKIN并采用空间气相和表面催化详细化学反应机理,对氢气和空气的预混合气体在微型管道内的催化燃烧过程进行数值模拟,讨论了不同反应模型的燃烧特性以及预混合气体入口速度和管径对催化燃烧反应的影响.计算结果表明,表面催化反应对空间气相反应有抑制作用;入口速度和管径对氢气的催化燃烧过程有重要的影响,在入口速度较小时,燃烧主要是空间气相化学反应,随着入口速度的增大,燃烧过程同时存在着表面催化反应和空间气相反应两种控制因素,在入口速度较大时,燃烧主要是表面催化燃烧过程;随着管径的减小,微型管道内反应的最高温度降低.此结果为在微型动力系统中实现催化燃烧以及扩展燃烧极限提供了理论依据.