Mg-bearing quartz solid solutions as structural intermediates between low and high quartz

Glass powder samples of cordierite composition (doped with 8 mol% TiO₂) were heat-treated to produce a series of increasingly SiO₂-enriched Mg-bearing quartz solid solutions (Qss). The obtained materials were then analyzed by X-ray diffraction: Rietveld structural refinements revealed that Mg-bearing Qss phases possess trigonal symmetry and a compositionally dependent intermediate structural arrangement between those of low and high quartz. High-temperature diffraction measurements were performed up to 700°C to characterize the thermal expansion behavior of the crystals. At SiO₂-rich compositions, a reversible high-to-intermediate inversion of the quartz structure is observed, which shifts with increasing stuffing to lower temperatures than the conventional 573°C for pure quartz. Similarities and differences to the better-established Li-bearing Qss are discussed in the text.     

Precipitous weakening of quartz at the α–β phase inversion

Crystalline quartz has long been identified as among the weakest of abundant crustal minerals. This weakness is particularly evident around the α–β phase inversion at 573°C, in which Si–O bonds undergo a displacive structural transformation from trigonal to hexagonal symmetry. Here we present data using indentation testing methodologies that highlight the precipitous extent of the transformational weakening. Although the indentations are localized over relatively small specimen contact areas, the data quantify the essential deformation and fracture properties of quartz in a predominantly (but not exclusively) compressive stress field, at temperatures and pressures pertinent to conditions in the earth's crust.     

Flame-retardant properties and synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate/aluminum hydroxide/mica/silicone rubber composites

The flammability behaviors of ammonium polyphosphate/aluminum hydroxide/mica/silicone rubber (APP/Al[OH]₃/mica/SiR) ceramifying composites containing APP, Al[OH]₃, and mica are investigated by cone calorimeter test. The thermal degradation and the synergistic effect of APP/Al(OH)₃/mica/SiR composites are investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. APP/Al(OH)₃/mica/SiR composites with 25 wt% of APP, 20 wt% of Al(OH)₃, 25 wt% of mica, and 30 wt% SiR presents a much lower total heat release, the value of peak heat release rate (PHRR), the maximum average heat release rate, the longest time to ignition, and time to the PHRR (t_PHRR), compared with the flame-retardant properties from composites with filler of APP and mica or APP and Al(OH)₃ alone. The results indicate that there is an excellent synergism in APP, Al(OH)₃, and mica, which endows APP/Al(OH)₃/mica/SiR composites with both good flame retardancy and fire prevention. The study on the synergism effect between fire prevention and flame retardancy of APP/Al(OH)₃/mica/SiR composites indicates that compounds containing P-O-Al are formed due to the reaction between APP and Al(OH)₃ during combustion in the early stage and a coherent, dense, and sealed structure is formed due to the reaction in mica, phosphates, and the thermal decomposition products of SiR during combustion in the later stage.     

石英砂粒径大小对甲烷水合物形成及分布的影响

为了研究不同粒径多孔介质体系中甲烷水合物的形成，本文采用粒径分别为0.075~0.5mm、0.5~1mm、1~2mm和2~3mm的石英砂作为多孔介质，在初始压力7.0MPa、温度0.5℃条件下进行水合物形成实验并进行取样观察、分层分解，得出不同粒径大小石英砂中甲烷水合物形成及分布的特征。结果表明：随着石英砂粒径的增大，石英砂砂体中的水合物形成量和初始水合物形成速率在逐渐减小；在粒径为0.075~0.5mm、1~2mm和2~3mm石英砂中，充气过程中水合物便开始形成，且并未出现明显的水合物大量形成阶段，而在粒径为0.5~1mm石英砂体系中出现了水合物大量形成的阶段；通过计算发现，0.5~1mm石英砂体系的气体消耗量最大，为0.47mol，2~3mm石英砂体系的气体消耗量最小，仅为0.05mol；在这4种粒径的石英砂体表面的甲烷水合物主要以分散状均匀分布于颗粒之间或胶结成块，但这一观察结果与通过分解的方法所得到的石英砂上部水合物形成量大于下部的结果存在差异；重复实验也发现，仅在粒径为0.5~1mm石英砂顶部出现了水合物大量富集的现象，因此推断认为在一定粒径的介质体系同时上部存在较大空隙时，水合物有可能会在空隙中大量富集存在。这一实验结果对自然环境中水合物的赋存区域及形态的预测具有一定的参考价值。     

松潘—甘孜造山带南东段羊房沟石英闪长岩时代、成因及地质意义

羊房沟石英闪长岩出露于松潘—甘孜造山带南东段,该地区岩浆活动较强烈。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得石英闪长岩年龄为(205.3±1.3) Ma,形成时代为晚三叠世。石英闪长岩SiO_2为58.01%～59.34%,Al_2O_3为14.90%～15.77%,K_2O/Na_2O比值为1.69～2.13,显示高钾低钠特点,里特曼指数为1.68～2.12,在K_2O-Na_2O关系图上落入钾玄岩系列,A/CNK为0.76～0.91,属于准铝质岩石;稀土元素总量(∑REE=183.08×10~(-6)～283.08×10~(-6)),为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土相对亏损的右倾型。δEu为0.77～1.00,负铕异常明显。在微量元素原始地壳标准化蛛网图上,岩石富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素、LREE和不相容元素(如U),相对亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,指示具有岛弧岩浆特征,Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta比值介于壳幔之间,反应具有壳幔岩浆混合成因。结合区域地质背景,认为羊房沟石英闪长岩形成于晚三叠世洋壳俯冲阶段的岛弧环境。     

石英砂/锰砂混层滤料的除铁除锰效果及其影响因素

采用不同体积比的石英砂/锰砂混层滤料处理含铁、锰的人工配水,考察了对铁、锰的去除效果及其影响因素.试验结果表明,各混层滤料对铁都有很好的去除效果;滤后水中的锰含量随着运行时间的延长而呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,且石英砂与锰砂的体积比为37的混层滤料对锰的去除效果要好于体积比为73的,但其水头损失增长较快;混层滤料去除铁、锰的最适pH值为6.0～7.5,反冲洗强度宜采用13 L/(s·m2).     

南海钙质砂的动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究

岩土体的动剪切模量和阻尼比是土工建筑物、近海场地动力稳定性分析中的主要动力学参数,为评价南海钙质砂的动力学特性,利用美国GCTS共振柱测试系统,对取自南海地区的钙质砂进行共振柱试验,研究固结压力、相对密实度对其动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响,并与石英砂进行对比分析。研究发现:相同的试验条件下,钙质砂的最大动剪切模量、阻尼比均大于石英砂;从总体而言,钙质砂的动剪切模量在剪应变小于0.1%时大于石英砂动剪切模量,在大于0.1%时两者趋于一致,其动剪切模量比G/Gmax随剪应变γ衰减的速度快于石英砂。根据试验结果建立钙质砂动剪切模量比G/Gmax、阻尼比D的数学模型,并结合现有的钙质砂动剪切模量比及阻尼比研究成果,给出钙质砂动剪切模量比和阻尼比的变化范围,为钙质砂场地工程建设中建筑物动力稳定性分析提供依据。     

甘肃西成地区金矿石英脉与金矿化关系研究

甘肃西成地区金矿床主要产在中泥盆统西汉水组和安家岔组的浅变质细碎屑岩中，金矿化类型为细脉浸染型，含金石英脉和脉旁蚀变围岩共同构成工业矿体。金矿化强度与石英脉带的规模和脉体内、外黄铁矿的含量成正比；与石英脉带的规整程度和脉体厚度成反比。一般情况下，从石英脉带的中心→边部→远离脉带，金品位渐次降低；围岩矿化与蚀变强度和旁侧石英脉的含金量成正比。石英脉带是宏观上直观的找矿标志。这种矿化规律与陕西八卦庙特大型金矿床非常相似，显示本区具有良好的成矿条件和巨大的找矿前景     

石英砂滤床除苯酚的试验研究

结合石英砂滤床模型试验,研究了石英砂滤床的除酚效果与机理,提出了相关数学模型,并通过工程实例进行了验证,研究表明,该数学模型罗客观地反映了石英砂滤床的除酚规律与含水层的除酚情况,可用于受微量酚污污河水为主要补给源的水源并设计中井水含酚浓度的预测。