Material removal profile prediction and experimental validation for obliquely axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing of K9 optical glass

K9 optical glass is one of the typical components in optical systems. However, because of its poor fracture resistance, it is difficult to polish it with ultra-precision and high-efficiency and without any surface damage simultaneously. The emergence of the obliquely axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing (UVAP) method can solve this problem which encounters in polishing efficiency and shape accuracy. However, due to the unclear material removal profile (MRP) mechanism, obliquely axial UVAP is not widely used in the processing field. This paper introduces the obliquely axial UVAP method in research processes, mainly focusing on the fixed point MRP analysis of the obliquely axial UVAP. Based on Hertz's contact theory, polishing pressure, the length of the semi-long axis (LLA) and the length of the semi-short axis (LSA) of the contact area are calculated under ultrasonic vibration conditions. Meanwhile, the relative linear velocity distribution of the oblique polishing tool in the instantaneous contact area is modeled by mathematical geometry method. A novel model of the MRP distribution for obliquely axial UVAP is proposed following the Preston equation. Subsequently, a series of polishing experiments were carried out to verify this model. The results show that the numerical model has good agreement with the experimental results on MRP, LLA, LSA, material removal depth and material removal rate (MRR). In addition, the material removal capability can be significantly improved by larger ultrasonic amplitude and larger oblique angle. This model not only more clearly elucidates the processing mechanism of obliquely axial UVAP, but also provides theoretical support for the polishing of free-form optical lenses.     

Turbulent boundary layer control with a spanwise array of DBD plasma actuators

The turbulent boundary layer control on NACA 0012 airfoil with Mach number ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 by a spanwise array of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators by hot-film sensor technology is investigated.Due to temperature change mainly caused through heat produced along with plasma will lead to measurement error of shear stress measured by hot-film sensor,the correction method that takes account of the change measured by another sensor is used and works well.In order to achieve the value of shear stress change,we combine computational fluid dynamics computation with experiment to calibrate the hot-film sensor.To test the stability of the hot-film sensor,seven repeated measurements of shear stress at Ma = 0.3 are conducted and show that confidence interval of hot-film sensor measurement is from-0.18 to 0.18 Pa and the root mean square is 0.11 Pa giving a relative error 0.5％over all Mach numbers in this experiment.The research on the turbulent boundary layer control with DBD plasma actuators demonstrates that the control makes shear stress increase by about 6％over the three Mach numbers,which is thought to be reliable through comparing it with the relative error 0.5％,and the value is hardly affected by burst frequency and excitation voltage.     

纳米级超声造影剂的理论研究进展

为了克服超声造影剂中微米级气泡尺寸较大的局限性,大量研究人员对超声应用的替代造影剂(纳米级造影剂)进行了研究。随着生物纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米级超声造影剂在诊断与治疗领域有着广阔的发展前景。与超声造影剂中的微米级气泡相比,纳米级造影剂粒径较小,渗透能力极强,可以通过血管内皮间隙,进而可以实现血管外病变部位的显影。文中详细论述了超声造影剂在超声作用下的行为以及2种主要的纳米级造影剂:纳米气泡和纳米液滴造影剂,对其理论研究进展进行了总结,并提出了目前仍存在的一些问题及其未来的研究方向。     

CuO-SiO2气凝胶@TiO2纳米纤维无牺牲剂光催化还原CO2

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CuO-SiO2复合气凝胶,通过在气凝胶孔道内填充TiCl4,然后将其气相水解,得到了在CuO-SiO2气凝胶表面生长了高结晶度的TiO2纳米纤维(CuO-SiO2@TiO2),纤维直径～16 nm.通过XPS、UPS、UV-Vis DRS、荧光光谱(PL)等表征了材料的结构及光电性能.结果表明,制备的CuO-SiO2@TiO2对可见光有明显吸收,且荧光强度较商用TiO2(P25)大幅降低,光生电子-空穴对更加稳定.再在纳米纤维上负载CuO,所得CuO-SiO2@TiO2/CuO在可见光区的荧光强度进一步增强.以300 W氙灯为光源,分别以CuO-SiO2@TiO2及CuO-SiO2@TiO2/CuO为催化剂,无牺牲剂条件下光催化还原CO2,4 h后甲醇产率分别为1304.0及1589.0μmol/g-cat,转换频率(TOF)分别为0.038及0.046 h–1.循环实验表明,纳米纤维具有较好的光催化稳定性,经过4次光催化循环实验后,CuO-SiO2@TiO2/CuO的保留率～94％,甲醇产率可达1472.0μmol/g-cat,TOF为0.042 h–1.     

机井自动化供水方案改进

针对民乐县农村人饮机井水位自动供水系统控制中存在的可靠性低、成本高等问题,文章结合深井泵提取地下水进行供水的实际情况,提出了软启动控制柜+浮球开关+微电脑时间控制器改进的思路和方法,运用效果良好。     

工艺参数对动态流量控制法挤压弯管应力的影响

采用有限元模拟和实验研究了挤压钛合金弯曲管件。通过实验验证了工件的形状和尺寸精度,并通过有限元模拟分析了工艺参数对挤出过程中变形体的平均压应力分布情况和挤出弯管件的曲率半径的影响规律。结果表明:有限元模拟中,弯管件的曲率半径误差为6.03%,弯管直径误差为3.82%;在靠近定径带处,平均压应力呈非均匀分布;在焊合腔内,靠近细分流孔区域的平均压应力小于靠近粗分流孔区域的平均压应力,平均压应力的大小顺序在通过粗、细分流孔前后相反;在模具结构固定不变时,弯管件的曲率半径随挤压速度的减小而增大,不随挤压温度的变化而变化。     

采用温控和碘吸收池技术的发射激光稳频技术

多普勒测风激光雷达通过分析系统回波信号的多普勒频移反演出风速，为提高风场探测精度，从稳频技术方面展开研究。在稳频过程中，分别采取措施消除激光频率的长期漂移和短期抖动。针对激光频率的长期漂移，设计并研制了种子激光器温控箱，通过水浴的控温方式大大减小了激光频率的长期漂移，将激光频率稳定在±50 MHz以内；针对激光频率的短期抖动，采用以碘分子吸收池为核心器件的稳频系统，通过半导体控温方式对碘分子吸收池精确控温，控温精度达0.03 ℃，提高了稳频精度，将激光频率进一步稳定在±8 MHz以内，满足±10 MHz以内的设计精度要求。通过搭建多普勒测风激光雷达系统，对发射激光稳频装置进行系统验证，连续4组风场观测结果表明:系统探测高度为17 km，绝大部分方差在4 m/s以下，满足测风激光雷达测量指标的要求。     

Effect of atmosphere control on magnetic properties of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe3O4 glass ceramics

The influences of atmosphere during processes of melting and heat treatment, heat treatment temperature, Fe₃O₄ content and basicity on the magnetic properties of magnetite-based glass ceramics were investigated. For sample containing 20 % Fe₃O₄ melted in different atmospheres, the highest saturation magnetisation was realized in 20vol% air + 80 vol% Ar, due to the fact that ratio of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in melt obtained in this atmosphere was close to 2. However, it was found that the coercivity of glass ceramics was not affected by the melting atmosphere. A high sintering temperature led to the decrease of saturation magnetisation and the increase of coercivity. As increasing Fe₃O₄ content, the main crystal phase transformed from CaSiO₃ to CaFe_0.6Al_1.3Si_1.08O₆ and finally to magnetite phase, accompanied by the increase of saturation magnetisation and coercivity. In addition, the increase of basicity caused the decrease of saturation magnetisation and the increase of coercivity.     

天然气水合物储层泥质细粉砂挡砂介质堵塞规律与微观挡砂机制

中国南海海域部分天然气水合物储层中地层砂为高泥质含量细粉砂，开采防控砂难度较大。针对高泥质细粉砂挡砂机制问题，使用粒度中值为10.13 μm的泥质细粉砂样品，模拟单向气液携砂流动条件，使用绕丝筛板、金属烧结网、金属纤维、预充填陶粒4类挡砂介质在20~80 μm挡砂精度下进行挡砂模拟实验，采用显微成像系统观察挡砂介质内部及表面砂粒沉积与堵塞动态，分析介质流通性能和挡砂性能变化，总结堵塞规律、微观挡砂机制与形态及其控制因素。研究结果表明，不同类型和精度的挡砂介质对泥质细粉砂的堵塞总体呈现堵塞开始、堵塞加剧和堵塞平衡3个阶段。随着驱替进行，挡砂介质渗透率逐渐降低，幅度会高达90%以上；同时过砂速度减缓，最终过砂率为5%~10%。根据堵塞规律和微观图像分析，提出了粗组分分选桥架、局部砂团适度挡砂、整体砂桥阻挡等挡砂介质对泥质细粉砂的3种微观挡砂机制。以粗组分分选桥架挡砂机制为主的挡砂工况下，挡砂介质堵塞渗透率较高，但过砂率超过15%，挡砂效果较差；以整体砂桥挡砂机制为主时，过砂率在10%以下，挡砂性能较好，但各类挡砂介质的堵塞渗透率不足1 D，流通性能较差。局部砂团适度挡砂机制为主时介质挡砂性能及流通性能介于两者之间。挡砂介质对天然气水合物储层泥质细粉砂的微观挡砂机制和形态受挡砂介质类型、精度、地层砂特征以及流动条件等因素控制，其规律对于水合物泥质细粉砂防控砂优化有指导意义。